scholarly journals A temperature-dependent relationship between benthic invertebrate biomass and trawling pressure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Clare ◽  
Leonie A Robinson ◽  
Silvana N R Birchenough
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Bottom Water Temperature ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
The North ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Invertebrate Biomass

Abstract Bottom trawling can cause acute depletion of benthic invertebrate biomass, thus reducing competition among surviving organisms and increasing food availability by generating carrion. As ectotherms are generally smaller and grow faster with increasing temperature, they may be less vulnerable to trawling and quicker to replenish biomass in warmer waters. Therefore, the chronic effect of bottom trawling on benthic invertebrate biomass may depend on local sea temperature and, hence, be under the influence of climate change. We tested this hypothesis using benthic grab samples from 200 sites spanning the North Sea and data on trawling pressure in the areas where samples were collected. The relationship between benthic community biomass and swept area ratio (the average number of times the seabed is trawled per year) was negative where annual bottom water temperature was low (8°C), positive in relatively warm water (11°C) and approximately neutral at intermediate temperature (9.5°C). These relationships were attributed to changes in mean body mass, not community abundance. Our results are consistent with theoretical expectations and suggest that climate modulates the chronic effect of bottom trawling on benthic invertebrate biomass. Confirming causality and determining the broader consequences for community structure and ecosystem functioning should be priorities of future research.

scholarly journals Evidence for strong relations between the upper Tagus loess formation (central Iberia) and the marine atmosphere off the Iberian margin during the last glacial period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Daniel Wolf ◽  
Thomas Kolb ◽  
Karolin Ryborz ◽  
Susann Heinrich ◽  
Imke Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Iberian Margin ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract During glacial times, the North Atlantic region was affected by serious climate changes corresponding to Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles that were linked to dramatic shifts in sea temperature and moisture transfer to the continents. However, considerable efforts are still needed to understand the effects of these shifts on terrestrial environments. In this context, the Iberian Peninsula is particularly interesting because of its close proximity to the North Atlantic, although the Iberian interior lacks paleoenvironmental information so far because suitable archives are rare. Here we provide an accurate impression of the last glacial environmental developments in central Iberia based on comprehensive investigations using the upper Tagus loess record. A multi-proxy approach revealed that phases of loess formation during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 (and upper MIS 3) were linked to utmost aridity, coldness, and highest wind strengths in line with the most intense Greenland stadials also including Heinrich Events 3–1. Lack of loess deposition during the global last glacial maximum (LGM) suggests milder conditions, which agrees with less-cold sea surface temperatures (SST) off the Iberian margin. Our results demonstrate that geomorphological system behavior in central Iberia is highly sensitive to North Atlantic SST fluctuations, thus enabling us to reconstruct a detailed hydrological model in relation to marine–atmospheric circulation patterns.

Holocene climate recorded by magnetic properties of lake sediments in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Daniel P Maxbauer ◽  
Mark D Shapley ◽  
Christoph E Geiss ◽  
Emi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Holocene Climate ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Northern Rockies

We present two hypotheses regarding the evolution of Holocene climate in the Northern Rocky Mountains that stem from a previously unpublished environmental magnetic record from Jones Lake, Montana. First, we link two distinct intervals of fining magnetic grain size (documented by an increasing ratio of anhysteretic to isothermal remanent magnetization) to the authigenic production of magnetic minerals in Jones Lake bottom waters. We propose that authigenesis in Jones Lake is limited by rates of groundwater recharge and ultimately regional hydroclimate. Second, at ~8.3 ka, magnetic grain size increases sharply, accompanied by a drop in concentration of magnetic minerals, suggesting a rapid termination of magnetic mineral authigenesis that is coeval with widespread effects of the 8.2 ka event in the North Atlantic. This association suggests a hydroclimatic response to the 8.2 ka event in the Northern Rockies that to our knowledge is not well documented. These preliminary hypotheses present compelling new ideas that we hope will both highlight the sensitivity of magnetic properties to record climate variability and attract more work by future research into aridity, hydrochemical response, and climate dynamics in the Northern Rockies.

Reflections on a Scholarly Career in Sport and Exercise Psychology: The Influence of Significant Others on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thelma S. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Senior Scholar ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
American Society

This paper is based on a Senior Scholar presentation delivered at the 2020 annual meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity. The paper begins with a summary of the research work completed by the author and coinvestigators in regard to the influences that significant others (parents, peers, and coaches) exert on the psychosocial well-being of individuals in sport and physical activity. In each of these three areas, illustrative research studies are summarized in a predominantly chronological order with a commentary at the end of each section that identifies unanswered questions and suggests future research directions. In the second section, four particular lessons learned by the author over the course of a scholarly career are identified and explained.

To dictate or collaborate? A phenomenological exploration of physiotherapists’ leadership styles

BMJ Leader ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. leader-2020-000403
Author(s):  
Victoria Smith ◽  
Claire Maxwell ◽  
Lisa Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Health And Social Care

ObjectivesSelection of effective leadership styles within healthcare is linked to high quality, safe care for patients. Within the literature attention has been given to medical and nursing professions, failing to acknowledge the contribution made by physiotherapy leaders. This study aims to consider the leadership styles used by physiotherapists in a designated leadership role, specifically exploring the barriers they face and the strategies employed to overcome current leadership dilemmas.DesignA qualitative, phenomenological design was used. Consent was obtained from each participant for one semistructured interview which was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework analysis was used to analyse the data.SettingA large National Health Service Foundation Trust within the North East of England.ParticipantsA purposive sample of ten physiotherapy team leaders.ResultsThe theoretical leadership framework that emerged demonstrated the daily tensions experienced by physiotherapy team leaders in regard to being a transactional or transformational leader. Within this, three superordinate themes exist: the individual, the team and the organisation and beyond. Each theme contained barriers and enablers which related to transactional and transformational leadership styles, respectively.ConclusionsThe framework identified gives insight into a group of clinical leaders not yet explored and provides a foundation for the development of leadership behaviours throughout physiotherapy. These clinicians should be supported by senior leaders to develop more transformational styles which have the potential to impact on staff well-being and patient care. Future research should compare these findings with studies involving larger sample sizes that span the health and social care system.

How benthic habitats and bottom trawling affect trait composition in the diet of seven demersal and benthivorous fish species in the North Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Eggleton ◽  
Jochen Depestele ◽  
Andrew J. Kenny ◽  
Stefan G. Bolam ◽  
Clement Garcia
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Benthivorous Fish ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Cumulative Inequality at the End of Life?: Racial Disparities in Impairment in the Time Before Death

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1292-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles G Taylor ◽  
Stella N Min ◽  
Keshia M Reid
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Latent Growth Curves ◽  
The North ◽  
Cumulative Inequality

Abstract Objectives Drawing from cumulative inequality (CI) theory, the current study examined racial disparities in impairment as individuals approached death to determine whether proposed mechanisms hypothesized to fuel or diminish racial disparities at late ages were at work at the end of individualized life spans. Method Black–white disparities were analyzed among decedents using latent growth curves based on the data from the North Carolina Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) (N = 1,926). Results Consistent with previous literature, racial inequalities in functional disparities diminish at late ages. However, significant black–white disparities emerge as older adults approach death, exponentially increasing within the 2 years immediately preceding death. Further, these disparities are not fully mediated by socioeconomic status. Discussion The results confirm that CI in health outcomes is observable in late life among individual life spans, suggesting the years surrounding death may be a particularly vulnerable period for health inequality. Future research should examine how advantaged statuses translate to increased access to health-related resources that aid in maintaining greater functional independence until the last stage of life.

Poplar breeding and testing strategies in the north-central U.S.: Demonstration of potential yield and consideration of future research needs

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don E. Riemenschneider ◽  
J. G. Isebrands ◽  
William E. Berguson ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann ◽  
Richard B. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
North Central ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
The North

We present results from a Populus Regional Testing Program that has been conducted in Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan over the past six years. Our objectives have been to: 1) identify highly productive, disease resistant intra- and inter-specific clonal selections and 2) understand patterns of genotype × environment interactions within the region that would, logically, govern commercial deployment of new clones. Clones were developed by breeding and selection programs at the University of Illinois, Iowa State University, University of Minnesota, and the USDA Forest Service for experiments established in 1995. We report results of analyses of variance and principal component analyses of tree diameters and estimated above-ground biomass that demonstrate significant genotype main effects and significant genotype × environment interactions. Maximum mean annual above-ground biomass increments have surpassed 16 Mg ha−1 y−1, exceeding previously reported yields of poplars grown under similar conditions in the north-central U.S. We also discuss the breeding and selection of poplars in general with specific attention to regional research needs. Key words: Populus, biomass, multi-trait selection, genotype, genotype × environment interaction

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Innovation: the European Union perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Entrepreneurial Innovation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Entrepreneurship is the driving force of economic development and progress. A successful state, first of all, provides favourable conditions motivating the businesses to grow and flourish. Presently, the European Union is developing unevenly with multiple economic misbalances across the community, the West and the North being more competitive than the South and the East. The aim of the present research is to examine the framework of interdependence between the degree to which the governance quality and economic freedom in the European Union are supporting entrepreneurial activities and the performance of the community in terms of entrepreneurial innovation. The results reached through applying both qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the interdependence between entrepreneurial innovation and regulatory efficiency is strong for many of the European Union states which is determined by multiple factors including the institutional and economic ones. Also, the present paper underlines the importance of the proper regulatory framework for the efficient development of business innovation. The future research on this matter could consider in depth the impact of socio-cultural environment, its influence on the quality of governance and the impact of both upon the European entrepreneurial innovation.

scholarly journals Mental Health Provision in UK Secondary Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12222
Author(s):  
Megan Garside ◽  
Barry Wright ◽  
Roshanak Nekooi ◽  
Victoria Allgar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
The North ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Health Questionnaire

Research reports high levels of mental health problems faced by young people in the UK. Schools provide a range of mental health support services, although these are often not robustly evaluated. This paper aims to explore the mental health provision of secondary schools across two large regions in the North of England and provide comparisons to the mental health questionnaire scores of their pupils. Results are part of a wider study providing an overview of the mental health of secondary school pupils. Measures include the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, distributed to year 8, 9, and 11 pupils attending secondary schools and a bespoke mental health service provision questionnaire for school staff at the same schools. A total of 6328 pupil questionnaires and 36 staff questionnaires were returned from 21 schools. Results showed a non-significant correlation between provision and young people’s mental health scores and highlight a range of factors to take into consideration. There is a need to improve the evaluation and recording of school-based mental health provision. Mental health difficulties in young people are prevalent in schools. Future research is needed to elucidate which types of services are most helpful in preventing, supporting, and signposting those with mental health problems.

scholarly journals Demographic Assessment of the Sustainability of Small and Medium-sized Cities in the Russian North

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-569
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Fauzer ◽  
Andrey V. Smirnov ◽  
Galina N. Fauzer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The North ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Market Relations

Since the dissolution of the USSR and advent of market relations, small and medium-sized Russian cities have experienced many economic and social problems due to their peripheral status. At the same time, they form the main framework for the settlement of the northern territories. The research aims to reveal the importance of small and medium-sized cities in the set- tlement system of 13 regions of the Russian North by studying their demographic dynamics. We examined the hypothesis that the demographic sustainability of these cities depends on the time of their formation. A proposed methodology for assessing the demographic sustainability of cities is based on five groups: demographically sustainable, relatively sustainable, unsustainable, critically unsustainable, instability. Four periods of the formation of small and medium-sized cities are defined: colonisation of the Russian North (1584–1917); industrialisation and urbanisation of the northern territories (1918–1959); from coercion to encouragement — northern romance (1960–1989); from settlement to abandonment — depopulation (1990–2020). For each period, the cities were assessed in terms of their demographic sustainability. The current sustainability of the cities was shown to be dependent on the period of their formation. Compared with the rest of Russia, the structure of settlements in the North revealed both similarities (concentration of the population in large cities) and differences (the proportion of the population living in small and medium-sized cities is higher, but lower in rural areas). Future research will focus on developing a methodology for assessing the «saturation» of small and medium-sized cities in the Russian North.

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