Infertility in African countries: challenges created by the HIV epidemic

In order to reach the first 95 (i.e., 95% of people living with HIV having knowledge of their status) of the 2030 UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets, it is crucial to better understand the contextual or structural factors driving socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing uptake. It is still unclear whether they are mostly influenced by epidemiological or by macro-economic factors. Here, to shed light on this issue, we measured and decomposed socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa in relation to contextual factors using a novel method, the Recentered Influence Function decomposition method. Indeed, we found that HIV testing uptake was more concentrated among the rich in 12 of 16 sub-Saharan African countries based on population-based surveys. The level of the HIV epidemic seems to drive the level of response of HIV testing programs, rather than the per capita Gross Domestic Product of a country (i.e., national indicator of economic development). Our results suggest that when responding to the HIV epidemic, there is a need to monitor and assess inequalities in addition to monitoring HIV incidence and prevalence. Keywords: HIV, HIV testing, socioeconomic inequalities, contextual factors, sub-Saharan Africa, decomposing inequalities

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Status of HIV Epidemic Control Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15–24 Years — Seven African Countries, 2015–2017

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ◽

10.15585/mmwr.mm6701a6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Kristin Brown ◽

Daniel B. Williams ◽

Steve Kinchen ◽

Suzue Saito ◽

Elizabeth Radin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Young Women ◽

Epidemic Control ◽

African Countries ◽

Hiv Epidemic

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The impact of routine HIV testing on HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Africa

International Journal of Discrimination and the Law ◽

10.1177/1358229111435735 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 187-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ebenezer Durojaye

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Fundamental Rights ◽

Testing Methods ◽

African Countries ◽

Hiv Epidemic ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Related Stigma ◽

Routine Hiv Testing ◽

The Impact

This paper discusses different methods of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, particularly routine and voluntary HIV testing methods, which have been adopted in response to the HIV epidemic in Africa. It then examines the importance of HIV testing as a tool for the prevention and treatment of infected and affected persons. The paper argues that although routine HIV testing is important in scaling up HIV testing in Africa, it may not necessarily address HIV-related stigma as contended by some commentators. Rather, it is argued that routine HIV testing, as practised in many African countries, may fuel HIV-related stigma and violate individuals’ fundamental rights guaranteed in numerous human rights instruments. In conclusion, the paper cautions that any attempt at adopting routine HIV testing in Africa should be tempered with respect for people’s human rights.

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HIV Epidemic in Tanzania: The Possible Role of the Key Populations

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2017/7089150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bonaventura C. T. Mpondo ◽

Daniel W. Gunda ◽

Semvua B. Kilonzo

Keyword(s):

Risky Behaviors ◽

Heterosexual Transmission ◽

Health Concern ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Key Populations ◽

African Countries ◽

Hiv Epidemic ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

Living With Hiv

HIV remains a public health concern in Tanzania and other Eastern and Southern African countries. Estimates show that there were about 1.4 million people living with HIV in Tanzania in the year 2013. HIV is a generalized epidemic in Tanzania with heterosexual transmission being the main route of transmission. Recently, however, there has been growing concern on the potential role of the key populations in HIV epidemic in the country. Studies done have shown significantly higher HIV prevalence in these populations compared to the general population. These studies have also reported high risky behaviors among members of these populations. This review aims at discussing the possible role of the key populations in the HIV epidemic in Tanzania.

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Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.20.1.28 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 28-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Annie Mino ◽

Arnaud Bousquet ◽

Barbara Broers

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Family Support ◽

Drug Users ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

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An Application of the HFACS Method to Aviation Accidents in Africa

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000093 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Isaac Munene

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Human Factor ◽

Flight Training ◽

African Countries ◽

Causal Factors ◽

Aviation Accidents ◽

Factors Analysis ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Decision Errors

Abstract. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) methodology was applied to accident reports from three African countries: Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. In all, 55 of 72 finalized reports for accidents occurring between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed. In most of the accidents, one or more human factors contributed to the accident. Skill-based errors (56.4%), the physical environment (36.4%), and violations (20%) were the most common causal factors in the accidents. Decision errors comprised 18.2%, while perceptual errors and crew resource management accounted for 10.9%. The results were consistent with previous industry observations: Over 70% of aviation accidents have human factor causes. Adverse weather was seen to be a common secondary casual factor. Changes in flight training and risk management methods may alleviate the high number of accidents in Africa.

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