scholarly journals The role of sperm proteasomes during sperm aster formation and early zygote development: implications for fertilization failure in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Y. Rawe ◽  
E. S. Diaz ◽  
R. Abdelmassih ◽  
C. Wojcik ◽  
P. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Early Zygote ◽  
Sperm Aster

scholarly journals A novel homozygous mutation of phospholipase C zeta leading to defective human oocyte activation and fertilization failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Yuan ◽  
Cen Yang ◽  
Yixin Ren ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
Yanli Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Human Oocyte ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
C2 Domain ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Human Fertilization

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is a novel homozygous phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ), c.1658 G>C; p. R553P mutation in the C2 domain associated with the outcomes of recurrent fertilization failure after ICSI? SUMMARY ANSWER PLCζ, c.1658 G>C led to defective human oocyte activation and fertilization failure, while this mutation in the C2 domain of PLCζ did not compromise concentration, motility and chromosome ploidy of sperm. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sperm-specific PLCζ is now widely considered to be the physiological stimulus that evokes intracellular calcium (Ca2+) oscillations, which are essential for egg activation during mammalian fertilization. Thus far, few genetic studies have shown that different point mutations in the PLCζ gene are associated with male infertility. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a basic medical research to assess pathogenicity for novel mutation in the C2 domain of PLCζ during human fertilization. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Single-cell omics were applied to analyze the DNA methylation state of the fertilization failure oocytes and the ploidy of the patient’s sperm. Whole genome sequencing data for the patient were analyzed for mutations in PLCζ. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of a rare variant, and then the mutant and wild-type PLCζ mRNA were injected to observe oocyte activation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The fertilization failure oocytes (n = 4) were triploid and lacking proper DNA demethylation. The whole genome sequencing analysis revealed a novel missense homozygous mutation in PLCζ, c.1658 G>C; p. R553P, which leads to the conversion of arginine 553 to proline. This point mutation does not affect the production of the corresponding protein in sperm. However, microinjection of the mRNA transcribed from the PLCζ R553P mutation gene failed to trigger oocyte activation and the subsequent embryo development. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Only one patient with PLCζ mutations was available because of its rare incidence. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Notably, we discovered a novel homozygous mutation in PLCζ, which results in an abnormal conformation at the C2 domain of the PLCζ protein. Our findings indicate an essential role of PLCζ in human fertilization and the requirement of a normal structure of C2 domain in PLCζ-mediated physiological function. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571544, 31871482, 31871447) and National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFC1004000, 2017YFA0103801). All authors declared no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.

First evidence of a calcium transient in flowering plants at fertilization

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (15) ◽  
pp. 2867-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Digonnet ◽  
D. Aldon ◽  
N. Leduc ◽  
C. Dumas ◽  
M. Rougier
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Transient ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Early Zygote ◽  
Transient Elevation ◽  
Indicator Dye

We report here the first evidence of a transient elevation of free cytosolic Ca2+ following fusion of sperm and egg cell in a flowering plant by the use of an in vitro fertilization system recently developed in maize. Imaging changes in cytosolic Ca2+ at fertilization was undertaken by egg cell loading with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dye fluo-3 under controlled physiological conditions. The gamete adhesion step did not induce any cytosolic Ca2+ variation in the egg cell, whereas the fusion step triggered a transient cytosolic Ca2+ rise in the fertilized egg cell, lasting several minutes. This rise occurred after the establishment of gamete cytoplasm continuity. Through these observations, we open the way to the identification of the early signals induced by fertilization in flowering plants that give rise to the calcium transient and to investigations of the role of Ca2+ during egg activation and early zygote development in plants, as has been reported for other better characterized animal and algae systems.

Clinical and immunological aspects of treatment women with repeated in-vitro fertilization failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Marina Ivanovna Krivonos ◽  
Marina Sabirovna Zaynulina ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Chepanov ◽  
Alexandr Vasilevich Selutin ◽  
Sergey Alekseevich Selkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Implantation Failure ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Repeated Implantation Failure ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Treatment ◽  
Immune Pathology

This review presents the existing literature concerning repeated implantation failure in assisted reproductive technologies. There are also discussed the role of immune pathology in the occurrence of repeated implantation failure in assisted reproductive treatment and the prospects of improving implantation rates with intravenous immunoglobulin in women with different immune pathologies.

scholarly journals Sperm-oocyte interplay: an overview of spermatozoon’s role in oocyte activation and current perspectives in diagnosis and fertility treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ishraq Zafar ◽  
Shi Lu ◽  
Honggang Li
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Sperm Selection ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

AbstractThe fertilizing spermatozoon is a highly specialized cell that selects from millions along the female tract until the oocyte. The paternal components influence the oocyte activation during fertilization and are fundamental for normal embryo development; however, the sperm-oocyte interplay is in a continuous debate. This review aims to analyze the available scientific information related to the role of the male gamete in the oocyte activation during fertilization, the process of the interaction of sperm factors with oocyte machinery, and the implications of any alterations in this interplay, as well as the advances and limitations of the reproductive techniques and diagnostic tests. At present, both PLCζ and PAWP are the main candidates as oocyte activated factors during fertilization. While PLCζ mechanism is via IP3, how PAWP activates the oocyte still no clear, and these findings are important to study and treat fertilization failure due to oocyte activation, especially when one of the causes is the deficiency of PLCζ in the sperm. However, no diagnostic test has been developed to establish the amount of PLCζ, the protocol to treat this type of pathologies is broad, including treatment with ionophores, sperm selection improvement, and microinjection with PLCζ protein or RNA.

scholarly journals Homology Modeling and Docking Study of Shewanella Like Protein Phosphatase Involved in Development of Ookinetes in Plasmodium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhini Singh ◽  
Ruchi Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Docking Study ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Docking Method ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Interaction Scheme ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Human Infections

ABSTRACTParasites of the genus Plasmodium cause a great deal of morbidity and mortality in worldwide, largely in regions with limited access and indication to the tools necessary to control mosquito populations and to treat human infections of Malaria. Five species of this class of eukaryotic pathogens cause different human disease, with Plasmodium falciparum alone is infecting approximately 500 million people per year and resulting in approximately 1 million deaths. The two genes encoding the Shewanella-like phosphatases of P.falciparum, SHLP-1 and SHLP-2, are conserved among members of Plasmodium family. SHLP is frequently found in asexual blood stages and expressed at all stages of the life cycle of parasite. SHLP deletion results in a reduction in microneme formation, ookinetes (zygote) development and complete ablation of oocyst formation, thereby blocking transmission of parasite.. Structure Modeling of SHLP protein can be helpful in understanding the active site and binding site information and hence can be used for drug designing for therapeutics against malaria. Effective role of Resveratrol is studied against SHLP protein using Docking method to identify protein-ligand interaction scheme and bond formation. Study suggests that resveratrol have strong interaction with SHLP protein and can be used as ligand for drug designing.

scholarly journals A mating type-linked mutation that disrupts the uniparental inheritance of chloroplast DNA also disrupts cell-size control in Chlamydomonas.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1807-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V Armbrust ◽  
A Ibrahim ◽  
U W Goodenough
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Early Zygote ◽  
Cell Size Control

An intriguing feature of early zygote development in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the active elimination of chloroplast DNA from the mating-type minus parent due presumably to the action of a zygote-specific nuclease. Meiotic progeny thus inherit chloroplast DNA almost exclusively from the mating-type plus parent. The plus-linked nuclear mutation mat3 prevents this selective destruction of minus chloroplast DNA and generates progeny that display a biparental inheritance pattern. Here we show that the mat3 mutation creates additional phenotypes not previously described: the cells are much smaller than wild type and they possess substantially reduced amounts of both mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA. We propose that the primary defect of the mat3 mutation is a disruption of cell-size control and that the inhibition of the uniparental transmission of chloroplast genomes is a secondary consequence of the reduced amount of chloroplast DNA in the mat3 parent.

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