scholarly journals The Evolution of Mammalian Olfactory Receptor Genes

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Issel-Tarver ◽  
Jasper Rine
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Mammalian Evolution ◽  
Gene Number ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Genes ◽  
Human Primate

We performed a comparative study of four subfamilies of olfactory receptor genes first identified in the dog to assess changes in the gene family during mammalian evolution, and to begin linking the dog genetic map to that of humans. The human subfamilies were localized to chromosomes 7, 11, and 19. The two subfamilies that were tightly linked in the dog genome were also tightly linked in the human genome. The four subfamilies were compared in human (primate), horse (perissodactyl), and a variety of artiodactyls and carnivores. Some changes in gene number were detected, but overall subfamily size appeared to have been established before the divergence of these mammals 60–100 million years ago.

Distribution of olfactory receptor genes in the human genome

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Rouquier ◽  
Sylvie Taviaux ◽  
Barbara J. Trask ◽  
Véronique Brand-Arpon ◽  
Ger van den Engh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Genes

scholarly journals Investigating Olfactory Gene Variation and Odour Identification in Older Adults

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Siddharth Raj ◽  
Anbupalam Thalamuthu ◽  
Nicola J Armstrong ◽  
Margaret J Wright ◽  
John B Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Candidate Snps ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Genes ◽  
Olfactory Gene

Ageing is associated with a decrease in odour identification. Additionally, deficits in olfaction have been linked to age-related disease and mortality. Heritability studies suggest genetic variation contributes to olfactory identification. The olfactory receptor (OR) gene family is the largest in the human genome and responsible for overall odour identification. In this study, we sought to find olfactory gene family variants associated with individual and overall odour identification and to examine the relationships between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for olfactory-related phenotypes and olfaction. Participants were Caucasian older adults from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study and the Older Australian Twins Study with genome-wide genotyping data (n = 1395, mean age = 75.52 ± 6.45). The Brief-Smell Identification Test (BSIT) was administered in both cohorts. PRS were calculated from independent GWAS summary statistics for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), Parkinson’s disease (PD), hippocampal volume and smoking. Associations with olfactory receptor genes (n = 967), previously identified candidate olfaction-related SNPs (n = 36) and different PRS with BSIT scores (total and individual smells) were examined. All of the relationships were analysed using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM), adjusted for age and sex. Genes with suggestive evidence for odour identification were found for 8 of the 12 BSIT items. Thirteen out of 36 candidate SNPs previously identified from the literature were suggestively associated with several individual BSIT items but not total score. PRS for smoking, WMH and PD were negatively associated with chocolate identification. This is the first study to conduct genetic analyses with individual odorant identification, which found suggestive olfactory-related genes and genetic variants for multiple individual BSIT odours. Replication in independent and larger cohorts is needed.

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