scholarly journals Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships for Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis through Core- and Pan-Genome Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina M Velsko ◽  
Megan S Perez ◽  
Vincent P Richards
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Genome Analyses

scholarly journals A Case of Recurrent Erysipelas Caused by Streptococcus mitis Group

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nygren ◽  
Bo Nilson ◽  
Magnus Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Node Dissection ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Causative Agents

The aetiology of erysipelas remains poorly defined though beta-haemolytic streptococci are considered as the main causative pathogens. We describe a case of a 70-year-old woman with recurrent erysipelas in her left arm due to infection with streptococci of the mitis group. Her past medical history includes lymphoedema of the left arm secondary to lymph node dissection due to breast cancer surgery. On seven different occasions during a decade, she has presented a clinical picture of erysipelas and in three of them with Streptococcus mitis group bacteraemia. The results indicate that two cases were caused by Streptococcus mitis and one case was caused by Streptococcus oralis. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported cases of S. mitis and of S. oralis as the causative agents of erysipelas.

scholarly journals Comparative Genome Analyses of Vibrio anguillarum Strains Reveal a Link with Pathogenicity Traits

mSystems ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Paul D. Alvise ◽  
Ruiqi Xu ◽  
Faxing Zhang ◽  
Mathias Middelboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Genome ◽  
Accessory Genome ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Unique Core

ABSTRACT Comparative genome analysis of strains of a pathogenic bacterial species can be a powerful tool to discover acquisition of mobile genetic elements related to virulence. Here, we compared 28 V. anguillarum strains that differed in virulence in fish larval models. By pan-genome analyses, we found that six of nine highly virulent strains had a unique core and accessory genome. In contrast, V. anguillarum strains that were medium to nonvirulent had low genomic diversity. Integration of genomic and phenotypic features provides insights into the evolution of V. anguillarum and can also be important for survey and diagnostic purposes. Vibrio anguillarum is a marine bacterium that can cause vibriosis in many fish and shellfish species, leading to high mortalities and economic losses in aquaculture. Although putative virulence factors have been identified, the mechanism of pathogenesis of V. anguillarum is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed whole-genome sequences of a collection of V. anguillarum strains and compared them to virulence of the strains as determined in larval challenge assays. Previously identified virulence factors were globally distributed among the strains, with some genetic diversity. However, the pan-genome revealed that six out of nine high-virulence strains possessed a unique accessory genome that was attributed to pathogenic genomic islands, prophage-like elements, virulence factors, and a new set of gene clusters involved in biosynthesis, modification, and transport of polysaccharides. In contrast, V. anguillarum strains that were medium to nonvirulent had a high degree of genomic homogeneity. Finally, we found that a phylogeny based on the core genomes clustered the strains with moderate to no virulence, while six out of nine high-virulence strains represented phylogenetically separate clusters. Hence, we suggest a link between genotype and virulence characteristics of Vibrio anguillarum, which can be used to unravel the molecular evolution of V. anguillarum and can also be important from survey and diagnostic perspectives. IMPORTANCE Comparative genome analysis of strains of a pathogenic bacterial species can be a powerful tool to discover acquisition of mobile genetic elements related to virulence. Here, we compared 28 V. anguillarum strains that differed in virulence in fish larval models. By pan-genome analyses, we found that six of nine highly virulent strains had a unique core and accessory genome. In contrast, V. anguillarum strains that were medium to nonvirulent had low genomic diversity. Integration of genomic and phenotypic features provides insights into the evolution of V. anguillarum and can also be important for survey and diagnostic purposes.

Biogeography of the Anthropocene

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genome Analyses

The past and present impacts of humans on the biosphere have altered many ecological and evolutionary processes. One of the most dramatic set of examples comes from domestication, which has transformed species, landscapes, and socioeconomic systems over the last 30 millennia. Recent research driven by advances in molecular biology and information sciences, and enriched by whole genome analyses of the main plant and animal domesticates, is now able to elucidate obscure phylogenetic relationships complicated by past hybridization and chromosome rearrangements. These methods also reveal information on the historical events that converted wild species into useful, and in some cases, codependent taxa. A further set of human-domesticate interactions produces the great diversification behind the origin and maintenance of numerous crop landraces, fruit and vegetable variants, and animal breeds. Fashion, taste preferences, and familial dynamics are some of the additional factors involved beyond usefulness that collectively result in human-caused artificial selection. Domestication is an important dimension to consider in understanding the biogeographical implications of the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals Pan-genome Analyses of 3 Strains of Inonotus obliquus and Prediction of Polysaccharide and Terpenoid Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110609
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Guo ◽  
Shouming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Core Gene ◽  
Accessory Gene ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
Medicinal Fungus ◽  
Genome Analyses

Inonotus obliquus is a rare, edible and medicinal fungus that is widely used as a remedy for various diseases. Its main bioactive substances are polysaccharides and terpenoids. In this study, we characterized and investigated the pan-genome of three strains of I. obliquus. The genome sizes of JL01, HE, and NBRC8681 were 32.04, 29.04, and 31.78 Mb, respectively. There were 6 543 core gene families and 6 197 accessory gene families among the three strains, with 14 polysaccharide-related core gene families and seven accessory gene families. For terpenoids, there were 13 core gene families and 17 accessory gene families. Pan-genome sequencing of I. obliquus has improved our understanding of biological characteristics related to the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and terpenoids at the molecular level, which in turn will enable us to increase the production of polysaccharides and terpenoids by this mushroom.

scholarly journals Deep Neck Infection Caused by Eikenella Corrodens Coinfection with Streptococcus Mitis and Streptococcus Oralis in an Infant

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayat YAKUT ◽  
Eda KEPENEKLİ KADAYIFÇI ◽  
Ayşe KARAASLAN ◽  
Serkan ATICI ◽  
Gülşen AKKOÇ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Neck Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Eikenella Corrodens ◽  
Neck Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis

scholarly journals Prediction of Host-Specific Genes by Pan-Genome Analyses of the Korean Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejung Cho ◽  
Eun-Sung Song ◽  
Sunggi Heu ◽  
JeongHo Baek ◽  
Young Kee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Pan Genome ◽  
Genome Analyses
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