scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of the Highly Derived Radial Body Plan of a Sea Urchin

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Wygoda ◽  
Yee Yang ◽  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Gregory A. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis

scholarly journals Body Plan of Sea Urchin Embryo: An Ancestral Type Animal

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Akasaka ◽  
Hiraku Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Ancestral Type

scholarly journals Origins of radial symmetry identified in an echinoderm during adult development and the inferred axes of ancestral bilateral symmetry

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1617) ◽  
pp. 1511-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie B Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Direct Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
Patterning Genes ◽  
Standing Problem

How the radial body plan of echinoderms is related to the bilateral body plan of their deuterostome relatives, the hemichordates and the chordates, has been a long-standing problem. Now, using direct development in a sea urchin, I show that the first radially arranged structures, the five primary podia, form from a dorsal and a ventral hydrocoele at the oral end of the archenteron. There is a bilateral plane of symmetry through the podia, the mouth, the archenteron and the blastopore. This adult bilateral plane is thus homologous with the bilateral plane of bilateral metazoans and a relationship between the radial and bilateral body plans is identified. I conclude that echinoderms retain and use the bilateral patterning genes of the common deuterostome ancestor. Homologies with the early echinoderms of the Cambrian era and between the dorsal hydrocoele, the chordate notochord and the proboscis coelom of hemichordates become evident.

Transcriptomic analysis of Nodal- and BMP-associated genes during juvenile development of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Demian Koop ◽  
Paula Cisternas ◽  
Dario Strbenac ◽  
Jean Yee Hwa Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Heliocidaris Erythrogramma ◽  
Juvenile Development

scholarly journals Spatial expression of Hox cluster genes in the ontogeny of a sea urchin

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (21) ◽  
pp. 4631-4643 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arenas-Mena ◽  
A.R. Cameron ◽  
E.H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Hox Cluster ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Adult Body

The Hox cluster of the sea urchin Strongylocentrous purpuratus contains ten genes in a 500 kb span of the genome. Only two of these genes are expressed during embryogenesis, while all of eight genes tested are expressed during development of the adult body plan in the larval stage. We report the spatial expression during larval development of the five ‘posterior’ genes of the cluster: SpHox7, SpHox8, SpHox9/10, SpHox11/13a and SpHox11/13b. The five genes exhibit a dynamic, largely mesodermal program of expression. Only SpHox7 displays extensive expression within the pentameral rudiment itself. A spatially sequential and colinear arrangement of expression domains is found in the somatocoels, the paired posterior mesodermal structures that will become the adult perivisceral coeloms. No such sequential expression pattern is observed in endodermal, epidermal or neural tissues of either the larva or the presumptive juvenile sea urchin. The spatial expression patterns of the Hox genes illuminate the evolutionary process by which the pentameral echinoderm body plan emerged from a bilateral ancestor.

scholarly journals Post-metamorphic skeletal growth in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and implications for body plan evolution

EvoDevo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Thompson ◽  
Periklis Paganos ◽  
Giovanna Benvenuto ◽  
Maria Ina Arnone ◽  
Paola Oliveri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Evolution ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Cellular Markers

Abstract Background Understanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a model system in the lab, skeletons provide an ideal experimental model to understand the origins of animal diversity. We herein use molecular and cellular markers to understand the growth and development of the juvenile sea urchin (echinoid) skeleton. Results We developed a detailed staging scheme based off of the first ~ 4 weeks of post-metamorphic life of the regular echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. We paired this scheme with immunohistochemical staining for neuronal, muscular, and skeletal tissues, and fluorescent assays of skeletal growth and cell proliferation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal growth and development of the sea urchin body plan. Conclusions Our experiments highlight the role of skeletogenic proteins in accretionary skeletal growth and cell proliferation in the addition of new metameric tissues. Furthermore, this work provides a framework for understanding the developmental evolution of sea urchin body plans on macroevolutionary timescales.

scholarly journals Expression of genes and proteins of the pax-six-eya-dach network in the metamorphic sea urchin: Insights into development of the enigmatic echinoderm body plan and sensory structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Demian Koop ◽  
Valerie B. Morris ◽  
Juanita Chui ◽  
Gregory A. Wray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Sensory Structures

scholarly journals Post-metamorphic skeletal growth in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and implications for body plan evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Thompson ◽  
Periklis Paganos ◽  
Giovanna Benvenuto ◽  
Maria Ina Arnone ◽  
Paola Oliveri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Evolution ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Cellular Markers

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a model system in the lab, skeletons provide an ideal experimental model to understand the origins of animal diversity. We herein use molecular and cellular markers to understand the growth and development of the juvenile sea urchin (echinoid) skeleton. We developed a detailed staging scheme based off of the first ∼four weeks of post-metamorphic life of the regular echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. We paired this scheme with immunohistochemical staining for neuronal, muscular, and skeletal tissues, and fluorescent assays of skeletal growth and cell proliferation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal growth and development of the sea urchin body plan. Our experiments highlight the role of skeletogenic proteins in accretionary skeletal growth and cell proliferation in the addition of new metameric tissues. Furthermore, our work provides a framework for understanding the developmental evolution of sea urchin body plans on macroevolutionary timescales.

scholarly journals Nodal and BMP expression during the transition to pentamery in the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma: insights into patterning the enigmatic echinoderm body plan

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Koop ◽  
Paula Cisternas ◽  
Valerie B. Morris ◽  
Dario Strbenac ◽  
Jean Yee Hwa Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Heliocidaris Erythrogramma

Preface

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. NP-NP
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Basic Body ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Gut Endoderm

Gastrulation is the developmental process, involving extensive cell reorganizations, which results in the formation of the mesoderm and gut endoderm of the embryo. The prefix gastr- in fact means ‘stomach’, which is perhaps both a reference to the shape of the gastrula stage of miolecithal eggs (e.g. sea urchin, Amphioxus) and to the fact that the endoderm, which lines the digestive tube, arises during gastrulation. Its importance was eulogised by Lewis Wolpert's famous statement that ‘it is not birth, marriage or death but gastrulation that is truly the most important time in your life’. Not only does the embryo become trilaminar, but it is also during gastrulation that the basic body plan is laid down, the three axes of the embryo become established and many cells receive the signals that lead them to acquire developmental fates and positional information.

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