scholarly journals Expression of genes and proteins of the pax-six-eya-dach network in the metamorphic sea urchin: Insights into development of the enigmatic echinoderm body plan and sensory structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Demian Koop ◽  
Valerie B. Morris ◽  
Juanita Chui ◽  
Gregory A. Wray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Sensory Structures

scholarly journals Body Plan of Sea Urchin Embryo: An Ancestral Type Animal

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Akasaka ◽  
Hiraku Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Ancestral Type

scholarly journals Specification of cell fate in the sea urchin embryo: summary and some proposed mechanisms

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (17) ◽  
pp. 3269-3290 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Davidson ◽  
R.A. Cameron ◽  
A. Ransick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Indirect Development ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Signaling Interactions

An early set of blastomere specifications occurs during cleavage in the sea urchin embryo, the result of both conditional and autonomous processes, as proposed in the model for this embryo set forth in 1989. Recent experimental results have greatly illuminated the mechanisms of specification in some early embryonic territories, though others remain obscure. We review the progressive process of specification within given lineage elements, and with reference to the early axial organization of the embryo. Evidence for the conditional specification of the veg2 lineage subelement of the endoderm and other potential interblastomere signaling interactions in the cleavage-stage embryo are summarized. Definitive boundaries between mesoderm and endoderm territories of the vegetal plate, and between endoderm and overlying ectoderm, are not established until later in development. These processes have been clarified by numerous observations on spatial expression of various genes, and by elegant lineage labeling studies. The early specification events depend on regional mobilization of maternal regulatory factors resulting at once in the zygotic expression of genes encoding transcription factors, as well as downstream genes encoding proteins characteristic of the cell types that will much later arise from the progeny of the specified blastomeres. This embryo displays a maximal form of indirect development. The gene regulatory network underlying the embryonic development reflects the relative simplicity of the completed larva and of the processes required for its formation. The requirements for postembryonic adult body plan formation in the larval rudiment include engagement of a new level of genetic regulatory apparatus, exemplified by the Hox gene complex.

scholarly journals Origins of radial symmetry identified in an echinoderm during adult development and the inferred axes of ancestral bilateral symmetry

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1617) ◽  
pp. 1511-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie B Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Direct Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
Patterning Genes ◽  
Standing Problem

How the radial body plan of echinoderms is related to the bilateral body plan of their deuterostome relatives, the hemichordates and the chordates, has been a long-standing problem. Now, using direct development in a sea urchin, I show that the first radially arranged structures, the five primary podia, form from a dorsal and a ventral hydrocoele at the oral end of the archenteron. There is a bilateral plane of symmetry through the podia, the mouth, the archenteron and the blastopore. This adult bilateral plane is thus homologous with the bilateral plane of bilateral metazoans and a relationship between the radial and bilateral body plans is identified. I conclude that echinoderms retain and use the bilateral patterning genes of the common deuterostome ancestor. Homologies with the early echinoderms of the Cambrian era and between the dorsal hydrocoele, the chordate notochord and the proboscis coelom of hemichordates become evident.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of the Highly Derived Radial Body Plan of a Sea Urchin

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Wygoda ◽  
Yee Yang ◽  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Gregory A. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis

scholarly journals Spatial expression of Hox cluster genes in the ontogeny of a sea urchin

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (21) ◽  
pp. 4631-4643 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arenas-Mena ◽  
A.R. Cameron ◽  
E.H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Hox Cluster ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Adult Body

The Hox cluster of the sea urchin Strongylocentrous purpuratus contains ten genes in a 500 kb span of the genome. Only two of these genes are expressed during embryogenesis, while all of eight genes tested are expressed during development of the adult body plan in the larval stage. We report the spatial expression during larval development of the five ‘posterior’ genes of the cluster: SpHox7, SpHox8, SpHox9/10, SpHox11/13a and SpHox11/13b. The five genes exhibit a dynamic, largely mesodermal program of expression. Only SpHox7 displays extensive expression within the pentameral rudiment itself. A spatially sequential and colinear arrangement of expression domains is found in the somatocoels, the paired posterior mesodermal structures that will become the adult perivisceral coeloms. No such sequential expression pattern is observed in endodermal, epidermal or neural tissues of either the larva or the presumptive juvenile sea urchin. The spatial expression patterns of the Hox genes illuminate the evolutionary process by which the pentameral echinoderm body plan emerged from a bilateral ancestor.

scholarly journals Post-metamorphic skeletal growth in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and implications for body plan evolution

EvoDevo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Thompson ◽  
Periklis Paganos ◽  
Giovanna Benvenuto ◽  
Maria Ina Arnone ◽  
Paola Oliveri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Evolution ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Cellular Markers

Abstract Background Understanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a model system in the lab, skeletons provide an ideal experimental model to understand the origins of animal diversity. We herein use molecular and cellular markers to understand the growth and development of the juvenile sea urchin (echinoid) skeleton. Results We developed a detailed staging scheme based off of the first ~ 4 weeks of post-metamorphic life of the regular echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. We paired this scheme with immunohistochemical staining for neuronal, muscular, and skeletal tissues, and fluorescent assays of skeletal growth and cell proliferation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal growth and development of the sea urchin body plan. Conclusions Our experiments highlight the role of skeletogenic proteins in accretionary skeletal growth and cell proliferation in the addition of new metameric tissues. Furthermore, this work provides a framework for understanding the developmental evolution of sea urchin body plans on macroevolutionary timescales.

scholarly journals Post-metamorphic skeletal growth in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and implications for body plan evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Thompson ◽  
Periklis Paganos ◽  
Giovanna Benvenuto ◽  
Maria Ina Arnone ◽  
Paola Oliveri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Evolution ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Cellular Markers

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a model system in the lab, skeletons provide an ideal experimental model to understand the origins of animal diversity. We herein use molecular and cellular markers to understand the growth and development of the juvenile sea urchin (echinoid) skeleton. We developed a detailed staging scheme based off of the first ∼four weeks of post-metamorphic life of the regular echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. We paired this scheme with immunohistochemical staining for neuronal, muscular, and skeletal tissues, and fluorescent assays of skeletal growth and cell proliferation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal growth and development of the sea urchin body plan. Our experiments highlight the role of skeletogenic proteins in accretionary skeletal growth and cell proliferation in the addition of new metameric tissues. Furthermore, our work provides a framework for understanding the developmental evolution of sea urchin body plans on macroevolutionary timescales.

scholarly journals Novel cell types and developmental lineages revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the mouse crista ampullaris

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A Wilkerson ◽  
Heather L Zebroski ◽  
Connor R Finkbeiner ◽  
Alex D Chitsazan ◽  
Kylie E Beach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
Sensory Structures

This study provides transcriptomic characterization of the cells of the crista ampullaris, sensory structures at the base of the semicircular canals that are critical for vestibular function. We performed single cell RNA-seq on ampullae microdissected from E16, E18, P3 and P7 mice. Cluster analysis identified the hair cells, support cells and glia of the crista as well as dark cells and other nonsensory epithelial cells of the ampulla, mesenchymal cells, vascular cells, macrophages and melanocytes. Cluster-specific expression of genes predicted their spatially restricted domains of gene expression in the crista and ampulla. Analysis of cellular proportions across developmental time showed dynamics in cellular composition. The new cell types revealed by single cell RNA-seq could be important for understanding crista function and the markers identified in this study will enable the examination of their dynamics during development and disease.

scholarly journals Nodal and BMP expression during the transition to pentamery in the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma: insights into patterning the enigmatic echinoderm body plan

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Koop ◽  
Paula Cisternas ◽  
Valerie B. Morris ◽  
Dario Strbenac ◽  
Jean Yee Hwa Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Heliocidaris Erythrogramma
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