scholarly journals Fish consumption is associated with school performance in children in a non-linear way

2019 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
A Lehner ◽  
K Staub ◽  
L Aldakak ◽  
P Eppenberger ◽  
F Rühli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Introduction How the long-chain fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the diet permitted human brain evolution, and how much our brains need today to function optimally are still hot topics for debate. DHA and EPA are considered as semi-essential because only insufficient amounts can be produced from other nutrients, such that they must be ingested with the diet. However, the Dietary Reference Intake of DHA and EPA, or of fish containing these fatty acids, has not yet been established. Eating fish is often recommended and generally considered beneficial for health and cognitive development in children and adolescents. For this study, data from a large cohort study were analysed to assess the association between fish consumption and cognitive school performance in children and adolescents. Methods Data from the German cohort of children and adolescent health KiGGS, which was conducted 2003–06 and included more than 17 000 children, were analysed. Ordered logistic regressions were performed to test for associations between fish intake and school performance. Potential confounders were included in the models. Results A statistically significant association was found between an intake of 8 g of fish per day and the probability of increasing the final grade in German [odds ratio (OR) 1.193, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.049–1.358] and mathematics (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.022–1.317) by one point, compared to no or very limited fish consumption. For the outcome German, higher levels of fish intake also showed a positive effect. These relationships were not linear but tended to decrease again at higher doses of fish. Discussion Our result confirms previous reports of a positive association between fish intake and school performance. Interestingly, this relationship was not linear but tended to decrease again in the highest categories of fish intake. We hypothesize that mercury or other pollutants in the fish could be detrimental at high levels. As only half of all children met the minimal fish intake recommendations, fish consumption should be promoted more strongly in children to meet the minimal requirements of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lay Summary Polyunsaturated fatty acids like DHA and EPA that are present in fish are essential for a healthy human brain development. We found a U-shaped association between fish intake and school performance in children. We hypothesize that mercury or other pollutants in the fish could be detrimental at high intake levels.

Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Blood of Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Bipolar Disorder

Lipids ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Clayton ◽  
Tanya L. Hanstock ◽  
Stephen J. Hirneth ◽  
Colin J. Kable ◽  
Manohar L. Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Associations of Dietary Long-Chain ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fish Consumption With Endometrial Cancer Risk in the Black Women's Health Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Brasky ◽  
Todd R. Sponholtz ◽  
Julie R. Palmer ◽  
Lynn Rosenberg ◽  
Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Endometrial Cancer Risk ◽  
Long Chain

Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Clayton ◽  
Tanya L. Hanstock ◽  
Manohar L. Garg ◽  
Philip L. Hazell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Long Chain

Objective:Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) are in increasing use in the general population to treat health problems. The objective of the current article is to review the evidence for the rationale and benefit of LCn-3PUFA in the treatment of common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.Methods:A search of Psychlit, PubMed and Cochrane Databases was conducted using the terms child, adolescent, bipolar, depression, psychosis, first-episode psychosis, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, psychiatric, omega-3, n-3, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Further studies were identified from the bibliographies of published reviews.Results:One small randomized controlled trial with LCn-3PUFA supplementation in depression in children found a small beneficial effect over placebo. Four placebo-controlled trials showed uncertain benefit of LCn-3PUFA for ADHD. Single placebo-controlled trials showed no benefit in autism or bipolar disorder. There is an absence of studies examining benefit for first-episode psychosis or schizophrenia in children and adolescents.Conclusions:While children and adolescents are receiving LCn-3PUFA for a range of psychiatric indications, there is only evidence of likely benefit for unipolar depression.

scholarly journals Effect of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 LCPUFA) Supplementation on Cognition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review with a Focus on n-3 LCPUFA Blood Values and Dose of DHA and EPA

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3115
Author(s):  
Inge S.M. van der Wurff ◽  
Barbara J. Meyer ◽  
Renate H.M. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Long Chain

Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation in the cardiovascular field is effective if a certain Omega-3 index (O3I) is achieved or the daily n-3 LCPUFA dose is high enough. Whether this applies to studies on cognition in children and adolescents is unclear. The aims of the current review were to investigate whether: (1) a certain O3I level and (2) a minimum daily n-3 LCPUFA dose are required to improve cognition in 4–25 year olds. Web of Science and PubMed were searched. Inclusion criteria: placebo controlled randomized controlled trial; participants 4–25 years; supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); assessing cognition; in English and ≥10 participants per treatment arm. Thirty-three studies were included, 21 in typically developing participants, 12 in those with a disorder. A positive effect on cognitive measures was more likely in studies with an increase in O3I to >6%. Half of the studies in typically developing children with daily supplementation dose ≥450 mg DHA + EPA showed improved cognition. For children with a disorder no cut-off value was found. In conclusion, daily supplementation of ≥450 mg DHA + EPA per day and an increase in the O3I to >6% makes it more likely to show efficacy on cognition in children and adolescents.

The effect of age and gender on current and potential intakes of very long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from oil-rich fish and animal derived foods in the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 9-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Gibbs ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
C. Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Long Chain

The health benefits of consuming sufficient very long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC n-3 PUFA) such as EPA (C20:5) and DHA (C22:6) are well established. A key supplier of these fatty acids is oil-rich fish, however a recent study relating to UK adults indicated that only 27% of the population consume oil-rich fish and current intakes of VLC n-3 PUFA are substantially sub-optimal (Givens and Gibbs, 2006). There is also evidence to indicate that in vivo conversion of alpha linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) to EPA and DHA is limited and highlights the need for an increased supply of preformed EPA and DHA in the diet. The role of animal-derived foods in the supply of VLC n-3 PUFA has been identified and emphasis has been placed on the need to enrich foods such as poultry meat which are widely consumed in order to make a valuable contribution to the supply of EPA and DHA to those with low or zero oil-rich fish consumption. However the effect of age and gender on intakes remained unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age and gender on oil-rich fish consumption.

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