The Future Control of Food: A Guide to International Negotiations and Rules on Intellectual Property, Biodiversity and Food Security

The research aimed to apply batik motifs to strengthen the differentiation of characters in the form of adventure games that could be an interesting and effective learning medium for introducing music theory. In order to work towards achieving its objective, developing interest in music theory by using games and animations specifically to approach more people and make this project sustainable, these games were supposed to be aimed into intellectual property. Therefore to be able to make it competitive, strong differentiation was needed as so many IP characters emerged as competitors. One of the strengths that could be added to these characters was by applying local content. It was a strong differentiator and could be developed with a deeper philosophy so that it had a wealth that could be developed more widely in the future, which in this case was using batik. To achieve goal, the research used the design thinking method and qualitative methodology to collect data. The researchers collected data through the process of document research, an observation about the implementation of batik patterns in character design for animation. The result is the characters’ designs of a game to teach music theory using batik pattern application. In conclusion, the batik pattern has the potential to strengthen differences in character design.

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Open Intellectual Property Models for Plant Innovations in the Context of New Breeding Technologies

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1218

Author(s):

Michael A. Kock

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Intellectual Property ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Open Innovation ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Mitigate Climate Change ◽

New Breeding Technologies

Plant related innovations are critical to enable of food security and mitigate climate change. New breeding technologies (NBTs) based on emerging genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas will facilitate “breeding-by-editing” and enable complex breeding targets—like climate resilience or water use efficiency—in shorter time and at lower costs. However, NBTs will also lead to an unprecedented patent complexity. This paper discusses implications and potential solutions for open innovation models.

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Disclosing the future food security risk of China based on crop production and water scarcity under diverse socioeconomic and climate scenarios

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148110 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 148110

Author(s):

Lei Chen ◽

Jianxia Chang ◽

Yimin Wang ◽

Aijun Guo ◽

Yuanyuan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Crop Production ◽

Climate Scenarios ◽

Security Risk ◽

The Future

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Simulating Land-Use Changes and Predicting Maize Potential Yields in Northeast China for 2050

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 938

Author(s):

Luoman Pu ◽

Jiuchun Yang ◽

Lingxue Yu ◽

Changsheng Xiong ◽

Fengqin Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Food Security ◽

Northeast China ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Sanjiang Plain ◽

Potential Production ◽

Potential Yield ◽

The Sanjiang Plain ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

The Future

Crop potential yields in cropland are the essential reflection of the utilization of cropland resources. The changes of the quantity, quality, and spatial distribution of cropland will directly affect the crop potential yields, so it is very crucial to simulate future cropland distribution and predict crop potential yields to ensure the future food security. In the present study, the Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model was employed to simulate land-use changes in Northeast China during 2015–2050. Then, the Global Agro-ecological Zones (GAEZ) model was used to predict maize potential yields in Northeast China in 2050, and the spatio-temporal changes of maize potential yields during 2015–2050 were explored. The results were the following. (1) The woodland and grassland decreased by 5.13 million ha and 1.74 million ha respectively in Northeast China from 2015 to 2050, which were mainly converted into unused land. Most of the dryland was converted to paddy field and built-up land. (2) In 2050, the total maize potential production and average potential yield in Northeast China were 218.09 million tonnes and 6880.59 kg/ha. Thirteen prefecture-level cities had maize potential production of more than 7 million tonnes, and 11 cities had maize potential yields of more than 8000 kg/ha. (3) During 2015–2050, the total maize potential production and average yield decreased by around 23 million tonnes and 700 kg/ha in Northeast China, respectively. (4) The maize potential production increased in 15 cities located in the plain areas over the 35 years. The potential yields increased in only nine cities, which were mainly located in the Sanjiang Plain and the southeastern regions. The results highlight the importance of coping with the future land-use changes actively, maintaining the balance of farmland occupation and compensation, improving the cropland quality, and ensuring food security in Northeast China.

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