scholarly journals Neighbourhood Ethnic Composition and Social Participation of Young People in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (622) ◽  
pp. 2459-2521
Author(s):  
Elena Fumagalli ◽  
Laura Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Identification Strategy

Abstract We analyse how neighbourhood ethnic diversity and segregation affect adolescents’ social participation in England. We distinguish between participation in ‘purposeful activities’—such as sports and volunteering—and hanging around with friends. We suggest a novel identification strategy to address the problem of endogeneity of ethnic diversity and segregation. We find that ethnic diversity decreases hanging around, while ethnic segregation increases it. No effects on participation in purposeful activities are found.

Skills for Life: Social Skills for Inter-Ethnic Cohesion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sule Alan
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Peer Violence

Social skills are essential to building empowered and cohesive communities in ethnic diversity. In a world with massive population movements and growing anti-immigrant sentiments, schools stand out as important platforms to instill key social skills into our children to build inter-ethnic cohesion. Achieving this requires the implementation of rigorously tested educational actions. This brief provides the evaluation results of a particular educational program that was implemented in a high-stakes context where the ethnic composition of schools changed abruptly due to a massive refugee influx. The program significantly lowered peer violence and ethnic segregation in schools, and improved prosociality in children.

Ethnic Segregation Between Schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Ron Johnston
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
School Level ◽  
Present System ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
State Schools

This book provides a new study of ethnic segregation across English state schools in the period from 2011 to 2017. It examines whether patterns of school-level segregation decreased or increased over the period, how those patterns compare with patterns of residential segregation, whether particular types of schools are associated with greater ethnic separations, and whether socio-economic differences add to the geographies of ethnic segregation. We find that high levels of ethnic segregation do exist between the majority White British and some other ethnic groups such as the Bangladeshi and Pakistani, more so at the primary than secondary level of schooling, and increased also for the more affluent of the White British. However, there is no compelling evidence that ethnic segregation is increasing – instead, the general trend is towards desegregation and greater ethnic diversity within local authority areas and their schools. Nor is there persuasive evidence that ethnic segregation is exacerbated greatly (at least, not directly) by the present system of school choice because school intakes appear comparable to the characteristics of their surrounding neighbourhoods in their ethnic composition.

Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 2616-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Eseverri Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
State Funding ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

This comparative study focuses on how civil society structures influence youth from a Muslim background in their upward mobility and local belonging (to the neighbourhood and to the city). Under comparison are one banlieue in Paris and one barrio in Madrid, similar in terms of social precarity and yet different in their degree of ethnic and religious diversity, their connection to the city centre, the state funding they receive and their civic participation. In the case of the neighbourhood of San Cristóbal (Madrid), a lack of state investment has resulted in a diminished capacity for civil society to connect young people to new opportunities. However, their daily contact with the city centre, the ethnic diversity in the neighbourhood and collaborative efforts between secular and religious structures work together to foster a sense of mixed belonging among young Spanish Muslims. In contrast, significant investment by the State in the suburb of Les Bosquets (Paris) since the riots in 2005 have indeed linked young people to new opportunities, but at the cost of an institutionalisation of civil society structures. In Les Bosquets, increased ethnic segregation, geographical isolation, and the estrangement of religious and ‘laic’ (i.e. secular) organisations are all responsible for the new sense of malaise felt by youths, thus severely affecting their sense of belonging.

Conclusion: Ethnic Segregation Is Not Increasing

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Ron Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
State Schools ◽  
Major Data

The book has examined ethnic segregation between English state schools and whether it has increased or decreased over the years since the last major data collection – the national Census of 2011. It has found that high levels of ethnic segregation do exist across schools between the majority White British population and some other ethnic groups such as the Bangladeshi and Pakistani, more so at the primary than secondary level of schooling, and more for those of greater affluence amongst the White British. However, the general trend has been towards desegregation and greater ethnic diversity within local authority areas and their schools. Because school intakes are broadly comparable in their ethnic composition to the characteristics of their surrounding neighbourhoods so as neighbourhoods have become more diverse so too have schools.

A importância da rede de juventudes do Seridó na participação social dos jovens no município de Caicó-RN

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-160
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Araújo dos Santos ◽  
Juliana Kelly Dantas da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Critical Awareness

 Resumo: Nos dias atuais, percebemos que muitas são as dificuldades para a organização da juventude e a participação política nos espaços de poder e decisão existentes na sociedade. Em muitos dos espaços políticos os jovens não se sentem representados, nem tem oportunidades de defender seus interesses. Nesse contexto, percebe-se a ausência de formação política e oportunidades de participação do jovem na sociedade. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa está pautada no levantamento de elementos da participação social, cultura política dos jovens e da trajetória de organização da Rede de Juventudes do Seridó que contribuem para a formação da consciência crítica dos jovens e favorecem o exercício do controle social e da promoção de políticas públicas voltadas para a juventude.  Palavras-chave: Juventude; Participação Social; Rede de Juventudes.  Abstract: Nowadays, we realize that there are many difficulties for the organization of youth and political participation in the spaces of power and decision in society. In many political spaces young people do not feel represented, nor do they have opportunities to defend their interests. In this context, one can perceive the lack of political formation and opportunities for youth participation in society. In this perspective, this research is based on the survey of elements of social participation, political culture of the young people and the organizational trajectory of the Youth Network of Seridó that contribute to the formation of the critical awareness of young people and favor the exercise of social control and promotion of public policies aimed at youth.  Keywords: Youth; Social Participation; Youth Network REFERÊNCIAS ABNT – Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. NBR 14724: Informação e documentação. Trabalhos Acadêmicos - Apresentação. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT, 2002. ABRAMO, Helena Wendel; BRANCO, Pedro Paulo Martoni. (Orgs). Retratos da Juventude Brasileira: análises de uma pesquisa nacional. São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo, 2005.  ALBUQUERQUE, Alexandre Aragão de, Juventude, Educação e Participação Política. Paco Editorial. Jundiaí, 2012.  ALMEIDA, Elmir de. Políticas públicas para jovens em Santo André In:_____. Revista pólis: estudos, formação e assessoria em políticas sociais. São Paulo: Pólis, n.35, 2000. p. 80.  AMMANN. Safira Bezerra. Ideologia do desenvolvimento de comunidade no Brasil. Cortez. 6º edição. São Paulo. 2003.  BORDENAVE, Juan E. Díaz. O que é participação. 8ª ed. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1994. (Coleção primeiros passos; 95)  BRASIL. Constituição (1988). Constituição Federal. República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília: Senado Federal, 1988.  BRASIL. EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL Nº 65, DE 13 DE JULHO DE 2010 Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/emendas/emc/emc6 5.htm (Acesso em 13 de dezembro de 2017).  BRASIL. Estatuto da Juventude. LEI Nº 12.852, DE 5 DE AGOSTO DE 2013. Disponível em Andlt; http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato20112014/2013/Lei/L12852.htmAndgt. (acesso em 10 de dezembro de 2017).  BRASIL, FLASCO. Mapa da Violência: Os Jovens do Brasil. Disponível em: mapadaviolencia.org.br/mapa2014_jovens.php (acesso em 02/07/2017 às 18:22)  BRASIL. Secretaria de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República. Direito a participação em assuntos políticos. Brasília, 2013.  CABRAL, João Francisco Pereira. "Participação, Imitação, Formas e Ideias em Platão"; Brasil Escola. Disponível em <http://brasilescola.uol.com.br/filosofia/participacao-imitacao-formasideias-platao.htm>. Acesso em 19 de dezembro de 2017.CARITAS BRASILEIRA. Quem somos e histórico. Disponível em: http://caritas.org.br/quem-somos-e-historico (acesso em 28/11/2017 às 10:17)  CONCEITO.DE. Conceito de Participação. Disponível em: conceito.de/participacao (acesso em 25/11/2017 às 19:45)  CONFERENCIA NACIONAL DOS BISPOS DO BRASIL. Fundo Nacional de Solidariedade. Disponível em: fns.cnbb.org.br/fundo/informativo/index (Acesso em 22/12/2017 às 21:45)  FERRAREZI, Junior, Celso. Guia do trabalho científico: do projeto à redação final. São Paulo: Contexto, 2011.  GIL, Antonio Carlos. Métodos e técnicas da pesquisa social. 6. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2011.  GOHN, Maria da Glória. Conselhos Gestores: Participação sociopolítica. São Paulo, Cortez, 2007.  Horkheimer, M.; Adorno, T.W.; Habermas, J. (1975). "Textos Escolhidos". Coleção "Os Pensadores". São Paulo: Abril Cultural.... - Veja mais em https://educacao.uol.com.br/disciplinas/filosofia/escola-de-frankfurtcritica-a-sociedade-de-comunicacao-de-massa.htm?cmpid=copiaecola (acesso em 03/12/2017 às 08:23)  HOBSBAWM. E. A era dos extremos. O breve Século XX. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. 1999  INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Censo demográfico 2010: população residente, resultados do universo segundo mesorregiões, microregiões, municípios, distritos, subdistritos e bairros: Rio Grande do Norte. [online]: IBGE, 2010. Disponível em: <http://www.ibge.com.br>. Acesso em: 03 dez. 2017.   LAKATOS, Eva Maria. Metodologia do trabalho científico. 7. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2012  BIBLIOTECA PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA. Ex-Presidentes. Disponível em <biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/presidencia/expresidentes/luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva>. Acessado em 20 de novembro de 2017.  MACHADO, Loiva Mara de Oliveira. Controle social da política de assistência social: caminhos e descaminhos. Edipucrs. Porto Alegre, 2012.  MARTNELLI, Maria Lúcia, Pesquisa qualitativa: um instigante desafio. Veras Editora, São Paulo, 1999.  NETO, José Paulo. Ditadura e serviço social: Uma análise do serviço social no Brasil. Cortez. São Paulo, 2011.  PLATÃO. Sofista. Seleção de textos de José A. M. Pessanha. Trad. e notas de José C. de Souza, Jorge Paleikat e João Cruz Costa. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1987.   PLATONE. Il Sofista. A cura di Mario Vitali e presentazione di Francesco Maspero. Milano: Tascabili Bompiani, 1992.  PROGRAMA UNIVERSIDADE PARA TODOS. Conhecendo o programa. Disponível em: <prouniportal.mec.gov.br/o-programa>. Acessado em: 20 de Novembro de 2017.  SIGNIFICADOS. Significado de Participação Social Disponível em: significados.com.br/participacao-social/ (Acesso em 02/12/2017 às 15:36).  SOUSA, J. (2006) Apresentação do Dossiê: A sociedade vista pelas gerações. Política & Sociedade: Revista de Sociologia Política, Florianópolis: v. 5 n. 8. (pp. 9-30).

scholarly journals The Bridging Activity of Multiracial Congregations

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Edward Polson ◽  
Rachel Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The growing diversity of U.S. communities has led scholars to explore how racial/ethnic diversity effects social capital, civic engagement, and social trust. Less is known about the relationship between diversity and the work of community-based organizations (CBOs). In this study, we examine how the racial/ethnic composition of one ubiquitous type of CBO, religious congregations, is related to measures of organizational bridging social capital. Analyzing data collected through a census of congregations in one Midwestern county, we explore the relationship between racial/ethnic diversity and the bridging activity of religious congregations. We find that multiracial congregations are more likely to be involved with externally focused service programs, tend to support a larger number of programs, and report more interorganizational collaborators than other congregations. Our findings suggest that multiracial congregations can provide a valuable resource for increasingly diverse communities and civil society.

Suburbanizing Segregation? Changes in Racial/Ethnic Diversity and the Geographic Distribution of Metropolitan School Segregation, 2002–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kori J. Stroub ◽  
Meredith P. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Racial Balance

Background While postwar suburban migration established suburbs as relatively affluent, homogeneous white enclaves distinct from the urban core, recent waves of suburbanization and exurbanization have been spurred largely by rapid growth in the nonwhite population. While these increases in suburban racial/ethnic diversity represent a significant evolution of the traditional “chocolate city, vanilla suburbs” dichotomy, scholars have expressed concern that they are worsening racial/ethnic segregation among suburban public school students. Objective In this study, we document shifts in the racial imbalance of suburban schools in terms of several racial/ethnic and geographic dimensions (i.e., multiracial, black–white; between and within suburban districts, among localities). In addition, we extend the urban/suburban dichotomy to provide initial evidence on changes in racial balance in metropolitan exurbs. Finally, we use inferential models to directly examine the impact of changes in racial/ethnic diversity on shifts in racial imbalance. Research Design Using demographic data from the National Center of Education Statistics Common Core of Data on 209 U.S. metropolitan areas, we provide a descriptive analysis of changes in segregation within and between urban, suburban, and exurban localities from 2002 to 2012. We measure segregation using Theil's entropy index, which quantifies racial balance across geographic units. We assess the relationship between demographic change and change in segregation via a series of longitudinal fixed-effects models. Results Longitudinal analyses indicate that increases in racial/ethnic diversity are positively related to change in racial imbalance. However, observed increases in diversity were generally insufficient to produce meaningful increases in segregation. As a result, suburbs and exurbs, like urban areas, experienced little change in segregation, although trends were generally in a negative direction and more localities experienced meaningful declines in segregation than meaningful increases. Findings are less encouraging for suburbs and exurbs than for urban areas and underscore the intractability of black-white racial imbalance and the emerging spatial imbalance of Asians and whites. We also document an important shift in the geographic distribution of segregation, with suburbs now accounting for a plurality of metropolitan segregation. Conclusions Contrary to previous researchers, we do not find evidence that suburban and exurban schools are resegregating, although we fail to document meaningful progress towards racial equity. Moreover, while suburbs are not necessarily resegregating, we find that segregation is suburbanizing, and now accounts for the largest share of segregation of any locality. We conclude with a discussion of recommendations for policy and research.

scholarly journals Social Engagement among Migrant Youth: Attitudes and Meanings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Kirpitchenko ◽  
Fethi Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Youth Attitudes ◽  
Arabic Speaking

This article explores migrant young people’s engagement, participation and involvement in socially meaningful activities, events and experiences. This type of social participation is approached in the social inclusion literature using the notions of social capital and active citizenship (Bourdieu, 1986; Coleman, 1988; Putnam, 1993; Putnam, 2000). A key objective, therefore, is to explore the attitudes, values and perceptions associated with social participation for young people. They include the meanings that social engagement has for migrant young people, along with drivers and inhibitions to active participation. The article focuses on both the motives for being actively engaged as well as perceived barriers to social engagement. It is based on a large study conducted among migrant young people of African, Arabic-speaking and Pacific Islander backgrounds in Melbourne and Brisbane, and presents both quantitative and qualitative (discursive) snapshots from the overall findings, based on interviews and focus groups. While many studies have centred on the management of migration and migrants, this article draws attention to the individuals’ active position in negotiating, interpreting and appropriating the conditions of social inclusion. Accounting for the multidimensional and multilayered nature of social inclusion, the paper highlights the heuristic role of social engagement in fostering the feelings of belonging and personal growth for migrant youth.

Worshiping across the Color Line: The Influence of Congregational Composition on Whites’ Friendship Networks and Racial Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Polson ◽  
Kevin D. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
American Society ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Religious participation has reinforced the color line in American society for generations. Despite rising racial and ethnic diversity across U.S. communities, most Americans continue to belong to congregations composed primarily of others from their own racial/ethnic groups. Yet recent scholarship suggests that the presence of multiple racial or ethnic groups in the same congregation is increasing. The authors examine how the racial/ethnic composition of U.S. congregations is related to white attenders’ friendship networks and comfort with other racial/ethnic groups (i.e., blacks, Hispanics, and Asians). Using national survey data, the authors find that whites in multiracial congregations report more diverse friendship networks and higher levels of comfort with nonwhites than do whites in nonmultiracial congregations. However, the influence of worshipping with another race/ethnicity seems to be most pronounced for whites in congregations with Hispanics. Moreover, neighbors and friends of other races have more impact on whites’ friendship networks and attitudes than do congregations. The authors discuss implications of these findings for understanding U.S. intergroup relations and the potential of congregations to address the color line.

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