Identification of the Klambothrips myopori (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) Predator Complex in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1024-1034
Author(s):  
C J Shogren ◽  
T D Paine
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Chrysoperla Rufilabris ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Predator Complex ◽  
Syrphid Larvae ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract To identify the predator complex of the invasive thrips, Klambothrips myopori, on its ornamental host plant Myoporum laetum, field surveys were conducted at three sites in southern California over the period of 1 y. Five insect orders and five spider families were represented in the survey. Although the most abundant groups differed among collection sites, syrphid larvae, anthocorids, Chrysoperla spp., Franklinothrips orizabensis Johansen (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), and one spider family (Salticidae) were all collected at each site. Based on the field surveys, Orius spp. and Chrysoperla spp. were identified as possible key natural enemies of K. myopori. Laboratory studies were then conducted to determine the consumption rates of Orius insidiosus Say (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at constant densities of K. myopori and to define the functional responses of the predators. Both predators consumed more second-instar larvae than other prey stages. Orius insidious displayed a type II functional response, while C. rufilabris displayed both type II and type III depending on prey stage. Generally speaking, O. insidiosus and C. rufilabris consumed a higher proportion of prey at lower pest densities, implying that in an augmentative control program using these commercially available natural enemies, predators could be released early in the year when host plants begin to flush and thrips populations are low to suppress population growth.

Functional response of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to Daphnia at different light levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci L Koski ◽  
Brett M Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Foraging Mode ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

In laboratory experiments, fingerling kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, 3–8 g) were presented with varying densities of zooplankton prey (Daphnia spp.) ranging from 3 to 55 Daphnia·L–1, under three light intensities (30, 15, and 0.1 lx). Kokanee exhibited a type I functional response at 0.1 lx (Daphnia consumption·min–1 = 1.74 prey·L–1), a light level typical of moonlit epilimnetic conditions, but shifted to a type II functional response at higher light levels. Both 15 and 30 lx light levels occur during crepuscular periods when kokanee feeding is maximal in the wild, and consumption rates at these light levels were not significantly different (Daphnia consumption·min–1 = (163.6 prey·L–1)(42.2 prey·L–1)–1). The shift from the type I to type II functional response may be attributed to a foraging mode switch and the incorporation of search time instead of random encounters with prey. Using these models to simulate feeding rates in a Colorado reservoir, attenuation of light intensity and prey density between the epilimnion and hypolimnion resulted in a 100-fold increase in predicted feeding duration. Functional responses that incorporate environmental characteristics like light are important components of foraging models that seek to understand fish consumption, growth, and behavior.

scholarly journals Local Stability Analysis On Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey Models Functional Responses With Constant prey Refuge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongming Li
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Local Stability ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Saddle Points ◽  
Stable Node ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The dynamical behaviours of the predators and prey can be described by studying the local stability of the planar systems. Type I functional response shows that the rate of consumption per predator is proportional to prey’s density while type II functional response is related to the situation that predators would reach satiation as they consumed sufficient amount of prey. We seek out a method of using transformation to reduce the number of parameters of original models and then study the stability analysis of equilibrium points. Under suitable restrictions on the new parameters, we prove that the positive interior equilibrium is a stable node for the system of type I and type II functional responses. Moreover, in the case of type II functional response, the boundary equilibria can have more types of stability other than saddle points.

scholarly journals Local Stability Analysis On Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey Models Functional Responses With Constant prey Refuge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongming Li
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Local Stability ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Saddle Points ◽  
Stable Node ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The dynamical behaviours of the predators and prey can be described by studying the local stability of the planar systems. Type I functional response shows that the rate of consumption per predator is proportional to prey’s density while type II functional response is related to the situation that predators would reach satiation as they consumed sufficient amount of prey. We seek out a method of using transformation to reduce the number of parameters of original models and then study the stability analysis of equilibrium points. Under suitable restrictions on the new parameters, we prove that the positive interior equilibrium is a stable node for the system of type I and type II functional responses. Moreover, in the case of type II functional response, the boundary equilibria can have more types of stability other than saddle points.

scholarly journals Ability of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Parasitize Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) after Switching Hosts

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
Zi-Wei Song ◽  
Yu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Dun-Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Spalangia Endius ◽  
Pupal Parasite ◽  
Density Population

We studied the parasitism capacity of Spalangia endius as a pupal parasite of Bactocera dorsalis after switching hosts. We used pupae of B. dorsalis and M. domestica as the hosts and studied parasitism by S. endius in the laboratory. The parasitism capacities were compared at different host densities and different parasitoid ages. The two functional responses of S. endius fitted a Holling Type II equation. More M. domestica were parasitized than B. dorsalis at all the densities. The ability of S. endius to control M. domestica was α/Th (parasitism capacity) = 32.1950, which was much stronger than that of control B. dorsalis, which was α/Th = 4.7380. The parasitism rate of wasps that had parasitized B. dorsalis had decreased by the emergence time of parasitoids. These results suggest that the parasitoid-pest ratio should be 1:25 to maintain a relatively stable parasitism rate for control of B. dorsalis. The S. endius colony reared on M. domestica successfully controlled a low-density population of B. dorsalis in the lab. We provide evidence suggesting that the parasitism capacity of S. endius needs to be improved.

Predator-dependent transmissible disease spreading in prey under Holling type-II functional response

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Ghosh ◽  
Prasun K. Santra ◽  
Abdelalim A. Elsadany ◽  
Ghanshaym S. Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Predator Interactions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Infected Prey ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract This paper focusses on developing two species, where only prey species suffers by a contagious disease. We consider the logistic growth rate of the prey population. The interaction between susceptible prey and infected prey with predator is presumed to be ruled by Holling type II and I functional response, respectively. A healthy prey is infected when it comes in direct contact with infected prey, and we also assume that predator-dependent disease spreads within the system. This research reveals that the transmission of this predator-dependent disease can have critical repercussions for the shaping of prey–predator interactions. The solution of the model is examined in relation to survival, uniqueness and boundedness. The positivity, feasibility and the stability conditions of the fixed points of the system are analysed by applying the linearization method and the Jacobian matrix method.

scholarly journals Demography and feeding behavior of Stenostomum leucops (Dugés, 1828)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma R. Núñez-Ortiz ◽  
Sarma Nandini ◽  
S.S.S. Nandini
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Final Density ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Pelagic Communities ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response ◽  
Planktonic Communities

<p>Freshwater turbellarians, despite their mainly benthic habits, interact with pelagic communities of rotifers and cladocerans. However, very little is known about their demographic characteristics, food preference and functional response. To fill that gap we studied one of the most widely spread species, <em>Stenostomum leucops</em>.  We conducted population growth experiments using abundant food (several rotifer and cladocerans species). To evaluate possible impact of <em>S. leucops</em> on planktonic communities, we conducted prey preference experiments at two temperatures: 18 and 23°C. The number of rotifers and cladocerans consumed was calculated by the difference between the initial and final density. We found that diets supplemented with fresh algae achieved higher <em>S. leucops</em> densities than those with detritus supplements in their diets. In the case of animal diets, <em>Euchlanis dilatata</em> allowed <em>S. leucops</em> reach higher densities than the other zooplankton species; <em>E. dilatata</em> was positively selected for in the selectivity study at both 18 and 23°C.  <em>Stenostomum leucops</em> showed a type II functional response on rotifers and the cladoceran <em>Alona glabra</em>. Our results suggest that <em>S. leucops</em> select their prey according to their vulnerability using different mechanisms, which optimize their food intake.</p>

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