The Effect of Photoperiods and Light Intensity on Mating Behavior and Reproduction of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwei Li ◽  
Xiaoting Jia ◽  
Huiming Xiang ◽  
Hongliang Diao ◽  
Yu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Important Pest

Abstract Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), is a worldwide pest and is the dominant pest of rosaceous plants in northern China. Little is known, however, about the influence of abiotic factors on the daily life history events of this economically important pest, so here we evaluated the effect of different photoperiods (L:D) (0:24; 2:22; 4:20; 6:18; 8:16; 10:14; 12:12; 14:10; 15:9 [control]; 16:8; 18:6; 20:4; 22:2; and 24:0 h) and light intensities (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 lux) on the mating behavior and reproduction of oriental fruit moth. We found that oriental fruit moth adults with an 8, 9, or 10 h scotophase showed considerably more courtship behavior than those in other photoperiod treatments. Meanwhile, male fanning and male ‘crawling in a circle’ behaviors significantly decreased with increasing light intensity. Neither female or male oriental fruit moth longevity nor the egg hatch rate were influenced by photoperiod (P = 0.146; 0.271; 0.107) or light intensity (P = 0.268; 0.08; 0.123). In both photoperiod and light intensity treatments (P < 0.05), the number of eggs laid daily by females was significantly influenced by female age, decreasing with greater age. Female oriental fruit moth lifetime fecundity was influenced by photoperiod, with the 9, 10, 16, 18, and 22 h scotophase periods having higher fecundity than other treatments. Meanwhile, fecundity decreased with increasing light intensity.

scholarly journals Extract of Nicotiana tabacum as a potential control agent of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souvic Sarker ◽  
Un Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Important Pest

Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of stone and pome fruits. Growers usually depend on chemical insecticides to control this pest, but demand for more environmentally-friendly means of controlling pests is increasing. At least 77 plant extracts have been reported to be effective against other lepidopterans, but their acute toxicity against G. molesta has rarely been studied. Among these 77 materials, we assessed the residual toxicity of 32 extracts against first instar larvae (

scholarly journals Extending the Storage Time of Clanis bilineata tsingtauica (Lepidoptera; Sphingidae) Eggs through Variable-Temperature Cold Storage

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2820
Author(s):  
Chenxu Zhu ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Yuzhou Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Important Pest

Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell, 1922 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), also known as “Doudan” in China, is an important pest in legume crops. As an edible insect, it is most commonly consumed in Jiangsu, Shandong, and Henan Provinces. Mass rearing requires access to large numbers of eggs. This stage, however, is of short duration and supplies are frequently not sufficient for insect production. Therefore, we identified the cold storage conditions for C. bilineata tsingtauica that can effectively prolong the storage time of the eggs, to make supplies more readily available. We found that when stored at 4 °C, only 7.5% of the eggs hatched after 7 days, while at 10 °C the hatch rate was 78.3%. At 15 °C, the egg hatch rate remained at this same level (77.8% even after 14–20 days). Considering various combinations, we found that optimal egg hatch occurred if eggs were stored at 15 °C for 11 days, and then held at 15–20 °C under dark conditions. Stored as described above, the egg hatch rate was not significantly different from the control group (at 28 °C). These conditions allow for easier mass rearing of C. bilineata tsingtauica by providing a stable supply of eggs.

scholarly journals Impact of pheromone mating disruption and pesticides on oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) on peaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
L.M. Cole
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

Oriental fruit moth (OFM) is an important pest of summerfruit grown for both fresh market and processing in Hawkes Bay New Zealand Mating disruption was applied over three consecutive years on the same three cv Golden Queen peach orchards At each orchard plots of 0535 ha were treated with pheromone dispensers either alone or supplemented with insecticides In year one OFM populations were high and mating disruption or 12 insecticide applications did not provide sufficient control with up to 3 damage at harvest The following year all trial areas received pheromone dispensers plus one or two insecticide applications and fruit damage was at acceptable level of less than 1 In year three blocks with mating disruption alone averaged 02 OFM infestation compared with 09 where no OFM control was used OFM mating disruption is now increasingly being adopted by growers but the cost relative to insecticides is a barrier

Where does Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) overwinter in adjacent peach, pear and apple orchards?

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-F. Yang ◽  
F. Fan ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
G.-S. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Site Preferences ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Overwintering Site

AbstractThe Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of tree fruits worldwide, and the diapausing larvae overwinter in cryptic habitats. Investigations of overwintering G. molesta were conducted in adjacent peach, pear and apple orchards in Northern China over three consecutive winters to determine the overwintering site and habitat preferences of the moth. Counts of overwintering larvae in the different orchards demonstrated that the late-maturing peach orchard (‘Shenzhou honey peach’) was the most preferred overwintering habitat with more than 90% of the collected larvae. Larvae were more abundant in host trees, and they very rarely overwintered in the soil. The overwintering site preferences on the host trees were significantly different; over 50% larvae were located in the tree trunks, and followed by main branches. Most of the G. molesta overwintered on the sunny side of the host trees at or below 60 cm from the ground; a few were cocooned on the shaded sides of the trees or greater than 60 cm from the ground. G. molesta began overwintering between August and October, mid- to late September was the peak period for entering winter diapause during 2011–2013 (77.78, 67.59 and 71.15%, respectively). Our findings improve understanding of the orchard habitat and overwintering site preferences of G. molesta and would be useful in the development of efficient forecasting and pest-management strategies for orchards during the winter and early spring.

Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Il'ichev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Young Shoot ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Pome Fruits

Abstract G. molesta is a serious pest of economic importance of commercial stone and pome fruits around the world. G. molesta damages peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, apples, pears, quinces and nashi (Asian pears) and can also attack and cause economic damage on other commercial fruits. In severe attacks, young trees can suffer distortion of growing shoots and stems, which makes pruning, training and shaping the tree canopy difficult, particularly for close-planting industrial systems such as Tatura trellis. One larva can damage many shoots by tunnelling deep into young shoot tips. Larvae move to feed on the green fruits usually after shoots mature and harden. One larva can damage many fruits, particularly when fruits are located close to each other.

A new male-killing parasitism:Spiroplasmabacteria infect the ladybird beetleAnisosticta novemdecimpunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. TINSLEY ◽  
M. E. N. MAJERUS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Males And Females

Whilst most animals invest equally in males and females when they reproduce, a variety of vertically transmitted parasites has evolved the ability to distort the offspring sex ratios of their hosts. One such group of parasites are male-killing bacteria. Here we report the discovery of females of the ladybirdAnisosticta novemdecimpunctatathat produced highly female-biased offspring sex ratios associated with a 50% reduction in egg hatch rate. This trait was maternally transmitted with high efficiency, was antibiotic sensitive and was infectious following experimental haemolymph injection. We identified the cause as a male-killingSpiroplasmabacterium and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA revealed that it belongs to theSpiroplasma ixodetisclade in which other sex ratio distorters lie. We tested the potential for interspecific horizontal transfer by injection from an infectedA. novemdecimpunctataline into uninfected individuals of the two-spot ladybirdAdalia bipunctata. In this novel host, the bacterium was able to establish infection, transmit vertically and kill male embryos.

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