Impact of Abiotic Factors on Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Aerial Dispersal in an Onion Ecosystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Smith ◽  
E. J. Shields ◽  
B. A. Nault
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Aerial Dispersal

scholarly journals Verification of the Efficacy of New Insecticide, Diesel (Lufenuron+Emamectin benzoate) against Onion Thrips (Thrips Tabaci Lindeman) in Bale, south-eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 015-018
Author(s):  
Abdurezake Mohammedamin ◽  
Eshetu Guta
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Significant Yield

Onion (Allium cepa) is popularly called as “Queen of Kitchen” as it is used as food, salad, spice, condiment and in medicine. Currently, the production is practiced all over the round for its daily uses in food and source of income and for commercial purposes starting from the introduction in the country as planting material from Sudan. However, its productivity is constrained by both biotic and abiotic factors of production. Thrips, thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the most limiting factor and causes significant yield loses among biotic factors. In this study, the efficacy of the new insecticide (Diesel (Lufenuron+Emamectin benzoate) was tested with standard check (CORSA (Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4%EC) and unsprayed check included for comparison in three location (Sinana on station, Goba and Aloshe) using a plot size of 10m by 10m for each treatment. Accordingly, the result found that, the new insecticide was effective as of the standard check in controlling the infestation of thrips and reducing the yield losses which contributes in increasing both production and productivity of onion. Therefore, Diesel (Lufenuron+Emamectin benzoate) insecticide can be registered and used as management option for control of onion thrips in Ethiopia.

AERIAL DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR OF LARVAL BAGWORMS, THYRIDOPTERYX EPHEMERAEFORMIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Cox ◽  
Daniel A. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Host Condition ◽  
Aerial Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Behavior ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Dispersal Period

AbstractSeasonal and daily patterns of ballooning, and behavioral processes involved in aerial dispersal of the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth), were studied on Juniperus virginiana L. in Kentucky. The aerial dispersal period began in mid-May 1983 and lasted ca. 1 month. About 75% of dispersing larvae ballooned after making a bag. Settling velocities were determined for larvae with and without bags and trailing varying lengths of silk; a model was then developed that predicts dispersal distance for a particular wind speed and departure height. Most aerial dispersal is probably short-range. The bag reduced potential dispersal distance, but larvae with bags survived ca. 2 days longer than those without bags when exposed to abiotic factors off of a host. Larvae without bags ballooned mostly in morning, whereas 80% of the larvae dispersing with a bag ballooned in the afternoon. These patterns may be related to the diel periodicity of emergence of neonate larvae from old female bags, and the subsequent behavior of 1st instars prior to dispersal. A large proportion of each cohort emigrates regardless of host condition.

Abiotic conditions rather than resource availability cues determine aerial dispersal behaviour in spiderlings of Dolomedes triton (Araneae: Pisauridae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Carol M. Frost ◽  
Alice K. Graham ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Dispersal Behaviour ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Aerial Dispersal ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Dolomedes Triton

AbstractMany species respond to risks and benefits of dispersal that vary over the short term through condition-dependent dispersal. We used wind tunnels to investigate how abiotic factors, spiderling age, and indicators of environmental quality affect aerial dispersal behaviour of spiderlings in Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer) (Araneae: Pisauridae), a denizen of temporary habitats. More than half of all spiderlings exhibited preballooning, ballooning, or spanning behaviours. Warm temperatures (>22.5 °C) and low wind speeds (<2.0 m/second) increased aerial dispersal. Aerial dispersal behaviour increased significantly until 5 days after hatch, after which it decreased, coinciding with the onset of active hunting by spiderlings. In contrast, cues about ambient food availability (egg sac number and food limitation of the mother) and potential resource competition or risk of cannibalism (conspecific density) did not affect aerial dispersal propensity. Offspring from different females ballooned in different proportions, except at the peak of dispersal, but a female's reproductive output and propensity of her offspring to balloon were uncorrelated. Thus, it appears that spiderlings of D. triton adopt a fixed strategy of high dispersal rate under optimal abiotic conditions, rather than reducing dispersal in response to cues about local food availability or conspecific density.

Coral husbandry for ocean futures: leveraging abiotic factors to increase survivorship, growth, and resilience in juvenile Montipora capitata

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
JR Hancock ◽  
AR Barrows ◽  
TC Roome ◽  
AS Huffmyer ◽  
SB Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Juvenile Corals ◽  
Bleaching Response ◽  
The Face ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Global And Local

Reef restoration via direct outplanting of sexually propagated juvenile corals is a key strategy in preserving coral reef ecosystem function in the face of global and local stressors (e.g. ocean warming). To advance our capacity to scale and maximize the efficiency of restoration initiatives, we examined how abiotic conditions (i.e. larval rearing temperature, substrate condition, light intensity, and flow rate) interact to enhance post-settlement survival and growth of sexually propagated juvenile Montipora capitata. Larvae were reared at 3 temperatures (high: 28.9°C, ambient: 27.2°C, low: 24.5°C) for 72 h during larval development, and were subsequently settled on aragonite plugs conditioned in seawater (1 or 10 wk) and raised in different light and flow regimes. These juvenile corals underwent a natural bleaching event in Kāne‘ohe Bay, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i (USA), in summer 2019, allowing us to opportunistically measure bleaching response in addition to survivorship and growth. This study demonstrates how leveraging light and flow can increase the survivorship and growth of juvenile M. capitata. In contrast, larval preconditioning and substrate conditioning had little overall effect on survivorship, growth, or bleaching response. Importantly, there was no optimal combination of abiotic conditions that maximized survival and growth in addition to bleaching tolerances. This study highlights the ability to tailor sexual reproduction for specific restoration goals by addressing knowledge gaps and incorporating practices that could improve resilience in propagated stocks.

Characterizing the impact of recovering sea otters on commercially important crabs in California estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
TM Grimes ◽  
MT Tinker ◽  
BB Hughes ◽  
KE Boyer ◽  
L Needles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Dungeness Crab ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Elkhorn Slough ◽  
Enhydra Lutris Nereis ◽  
Crab Abundance ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Impact

Protective legislation and management have led to an increase in California’s sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis population. While sea otter recovery has been linked to ecosystem benefits, sea otter predation may negatively affect commercially valuable species. Understanding the potential influence of sea otters is of particular importance as their range expands into estuaries that function as nurseries for commercially valuable species like Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister. We consider how sea otter predation has affected the abundance and size of juvenile Dungeness crab in Elkhorn Slough, California, USA, and analyzed cancrid crab abundance and size across 4 California estuaries with and without sea otters to understand how biotic and abiotic factors contribute to observed variation in crab size and abundance. We compared trends in southern sea otters relative to Dungeness crab landings in California to assess whether increasing sea otter abundance have negatively impacted landings. In Elkhorn Slough, juvenile Dungeness crab abundance and size have declined since 2012, coinciding with sea otter population growth. However, the impact of sea otters on juvenile Dungeness crab size was habitat-specific and only significant in unvegetated habitat. Across estuaries, we found that cancrid crab abundance and size were negatively associated with sea otter presence. While abiotic factors varied among estuaries, these factors explained little of the observed variation in crab abundance or size. Although we found evidence that sea otters can have localized effects on cancrid crab populations within estuaries, we found no evidence that southern sea otters, at recent population sizes, have negatively impacted Dungeness crab landings in California from 2000-2014.

Effect of Changes in Some Abiotic Factors on Growth, Reproduction, and Energy Metabolism of the Rotifer Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
A. S. Konstantinov ◽  
N. A. Tagirova ◽  
V. M. Stepanenko ◽  
E. A. Solov'eva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Euchlanis Dilatata
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