Temperature and Humidity Interact to Influence Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Survival

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna J Fisher ◽  
Jhalendra P Rijal ◽  
Frank G Zalom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High-temperature events can influence insect population dynamics and could be especially important for predicting the potential spread and establishment of invasive insects. The interaction between temperature and environmental humidity on insect populations is not well understood but can be a key factor that determines habitat range and population size. The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive agricultural pest in the United States and Europe, which causes serious economic damage to a wide range of crops. This insect’s range continues to expand. It has recently invaded the Central Valley of California, which has a hotter and drier climate compared with the Eastern United States where this insect is established. We investigated how high-temperature events and relative humidity would impact the survival and reproduction of H. halys. Using incubators and humidity chambers, we evaluated the impact of humidity and short-term (2 d) high-temperature exposure on the survival and development of H. halys eggs, nymphs, and adults. We found that high temperatures significantly reduced H. halys survival. The impact of humidity on H. halys survival was dependent on temperature and life stage. Low humidity decreased first-instar survival but not third- to fourth-instar survival. High humidity increased first instar survival but decreased third- to fourth-instar survival. Humidity did not influence adult or egg survival. We also found that high temperatures decreased H. halys reproduction. Our findings have important implications for understanding the invasive ecology of H. halys and may be used to improve models predicting H. halys range expansion.

Baseline Toxicity of the Insecticides Bifenthrin and Thiamethoxam on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Collected From the Eastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 1043-1046
Author(s):  
Adam Alford ◽  
Thomas P Kuhar ◽  
George C Hamilton ◽  
Peter Jentsch ◽  
Grzgorz Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Topical Applications

Abstract Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive species in the United States that attacks a wide variety of agricultural commodities including fruits, vegetables, agronomic crops, and ornamental plants. Populations of H. halys adults were collected from four and six states in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and tested using topical applications to establish baseline levels of susceptibility to two commonly used insecticides, bifenthrin and thiamethoxam. A Probit-estimated (95% fiducial limits) LD50 and LD99 of 2.64 g AI/L (1.2–3.84 g AI/L) and 84.96 g AI/L (35.76–716.16 g AI/L) for bifenthrin, and a LD50 and LD99 of 0.05 g AI/liter (1.14E-5–0.27 g AI/L) and 150.11 g AI/L (27.35–761,867 g AI/L) for thiamethoxam, respectively. These baseline levels can be used for future insecticide resistance monitoring in H. halys.

Risk of Cold-Hardy Apple Cultivars for Injury From the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailey N Shanovich ◽  
Eric C Burkness ◽  
Robert L Koch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cold Hardy

Abstract An invasive species, the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has emerged as a serious pest of orchard crops in the United States with the highest economic losses to date in Mid-Atlantic apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosales: Rosaceae). If populations continue to grow and spread in the Midwest, H. halys has the potential to become a significant apple pest in the region. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk for injury from H. halys to several popular cold-hardy apple cultivars (Haralson, Honeycrisp, and Zestar!) grown in the Midwestern United States utilizing both field no-choice tests and laboratory choice tests at multiple timings. Results from the field no-choice tests revealed a greater risk for Honeycrisp from H. halys injury compared with Zestar! in mid-August. Results from the laboratory choice tests revealed a greater risk for injury by H. halys for Honeycrisp compared with Zestar! at all timings tested and a greater risk for Haralson compared with Honeycrisp at a later timing. These results echo previous findings in that relative maturity of the fruit seems to play a role in determining the risk of an apple cultivar to H. halys injury. These results also serve as the first assessment of the potential impact of H. halys on different cold-hardy apple cultivars, which will help guide growers in cultivar selection and identifying which apple cultivars should be prioritized for scouting and management efforts.

Laboratory rearing of the brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the impact of single and combination of food substrates on development and survival

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice N. Dingha ◽  
Louis E.N. Jackai
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB),Halyomorpha halys(Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is non-native species that has rapidly expanded its range in the United States of America and Canada. This study was aimed at increasing our knowledge of the biology of BMSB and developing a rearing method. A laboratory culture maintained on 15 different foods (pear, peach, Granny Smith apple, red delicious apple, squash, tomato, carrot, green bean, grape, corn, leaves of princess tree, leaves of butterfly-bush, dry seeds of sunflower, cowpea, and peanut) had on average 26.0±2.1 eggs per egg mass, and an incubation period averaging 6.94±1.2 days. Developmental duration from second instar to adult averaged 28.2±0.9 days similar to second instars reared to adult on single diet of green beans, corn, sunflower, cowpea, and peanut seeds. Survival from egg to adult was 85.4% and a growth index (GI) of 2.2±0.2 for the laboratory culture comparable to ⩾2.0 GI and 80–90% reported nymphal development on a diet of dry sunflower, cowpea, and peanut seeds. We reared six generations of BMSB before the study was terminated. Our results indicate the foods that are better for BMSB growth, development, and survival.

scholarly journals COVID-19 scenarios for the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon I Hay
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The United States (US) has not been spared in the ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus disease. COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to cause death and disease in all 50 states, as well as significant economic damage wrought by the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) adopted in attempts to control transmission. We use a deterministic, Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered (SEIR) compartmental framework to model possible trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the impact of NPI at the state level. Model performance was tested against reported deaths from 01 February to 04 July 2020. Using this SEIR model and projections of critical driving covariates (pneumonia seasonality, mobility, testing rates, and mask use per capita), we assessed some possible futures of the COVID-19 pandemic from 05 July through 31 December 2020. We explored future scenarios that included feasible assumptions about NPIs including social distancing mandates (SDMs) and levels of mask use. The range of infection, death, and hospital demand outcomes revealed by these scenarios show that action taken during the summer of 2020 will have profound public health impacts through to the year end. Encouragingly, we find that an emphasis on universal mask use may be sufficient to ameliorate the worst effects of epidemic resurgences in many states. Masks may save as many as 102,795 (55,898-183,374) lives, when compared to a plausible reference scenario in December. In addition, widespread mask use may markedly reduce the need for more socially and economically deleterious SDMs.

scholarly journals Lethal Effects of High Temperatures on Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Adults before and after Overwintering

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Scaccini ◽  
Carlo Duso ◽  
Alberto Pozzebon
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Exposure

The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is causing economic and ecological damage in invaded areas. Its overwintering behavior warrants mitigation practices in warehouses and shipping operations. The aim of this study was to characterize the mortality response curves of H. halys adults to short high-temperature exposure. Here we compared field-collected individuals entering (ENA) and exiting diapause (EXA). EXA adults displayed increased susceptibility to high temperatures compared to ENA individuals. Complete mortality of all tested individuals was obtained after 10 min exposure at 50.0 °C, and after 15 (EXA) or 20 min (ENA) at 47.5 °C. The nutritional status of these insects had no effect on high-temperature tolerance. The mortality curves obtained here may be used for the definition of cost-effective heat treatments aimed at the H. halys control.

scholarly journals Exclusion of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug from Organically Grown Peppers Using Barrier Screens

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelyn C. Dobson ◽  
Mary Rogers ◽  
Jennifer L.C. Moore ◽  
Ricardo T. Bessin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Barrier Screens

The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) is a nonnative insect that damages vegetables and other crops in the United States. Because of the current lack of effective control options for organic growers to combat this pest, barrier screens with different mesh sizes were evaluated in their ability to exclude the brown marmorated stink bug, provide entry to beneficial species, and to produce a high percentage of marketable yield. Barrier screens with 1/6-, 1/8-, and 1/25-inch mesh sizes, along with unscreened controls, covered ‘Aristotle’ bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants at field sites in Kentucky and Tennessee in 2013–14. In Kentucky, where brown marmorated stink bug pressure was low, overshading decreased the marketable yield under dark, 1/25-inch mesh screens in 2013. Outbreaks of aphids (Aphididae) under light-colored, 1/25-inch mesh plots in 2014 suggest a higher risk of secondary pests proliferating under these screens. In Tennessee, where brown marmorated stink bug pressure was higher and light colored, 1/25-inch mesh screens were tested in 2013–14, the 1/25-inch mesh plots produced the highest yield, due to the general exclusion of insects and protection from sunscald. In areas with small brown marmorated stink bug populations, lighter colored, and/or wider meshes (1/8-inch or 1/6-inch) may be required to allow the entry of sunlight and beneficial species. In areas with higher brown marmorated stink bug pressure, finer meshes (1/25-inch) may be appropriate to exclude larger populations of pests and to protect the crop from sunscald.

scholarly journals Early-Season Pests of Soybean in the United States and Factors That Affect Their Risk of Infestation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis S Hesler ◽  
K Clint Allen ◽  
Randall G Luttrell ◽  
Thomas W Sappington ◽  
Sharon K Papiernik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Management Options ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Bean Leaf Beetle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Soybean faces potential economic damage from a wide variety of early-season invertebrate pests. The objective of this article was to determine the extent and intensity of nine early-season soybean insect pests targeted for control by insecticidal seed treatments in the United States and to identify various management options for them: bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcate Förster, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); grape colaspis, Colaspis brunnea (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Ciccadellidae); seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae); soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura, Hemiptera: Aphididae); threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spsistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae); thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae); white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Seedcorn maggot, white grubs, and wireworms have been limited to a relatively small proportion of soybean fields with readily defined factors regarding their risk. However, questions about the pest status of the other six pests were identified. Bean leaf beetle, which vectors Bean pod mottle virus to soybean, has been present across major soybean-production regions, but frequency and proportion of soybean fields that economically impacted is not adequately documented. The impact of threecornered alfalfa hopper and thrips on soybean productivity varied within regions, but specific reasons for the variation were unclear. Early-season management of grape colaspis and leafhoppers has been infrequent, but factors that promoted economic injury and the need for management in specific fields were undetermined. Although early-season management of soybean aphid has not proven feasible for individual fields, questions remain regarding its management in fields near overwintering stands and the possibility for areawide suppression.

scholarly journals Invasion of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) into the United States: Developing a National Response to an Invasive Species Crisis Through Collaborative Research and Outreach Efforts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Ludwick ◽  
William R Morrison ◽  
Angelita L Acebes-Doria ◽  
Arthur M Agnello ◽  
J Christopher Bergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
National Response ◽  
Landscape Level Management

Abstract Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a globally invasive stink bug species. Its first major outbreak was in the United States, where it has caused millions of dollars in damage, threatened livelihoods of specialty crop growers and impacted row crop growers, and become an extreme nuisance pest in and around dwellings. The BMSB IPM Working Group, funded by the Northeastern IPM Center, was central to providing a mechanism to form a multidisciplinary team and develop initial and subsequent research, Extension, regulatory and consumer priorities. Ultimately, a project team consisting of over 50 scientists from 11 institutions in 10 states obtained the largest ever USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative CAP grant, totaling over $10.7 million, to tackle this crisis over a 5-yr period (2011–2016). Researchers and Extension educators integrated stakeholder feedback throughout the course of the project, and priorities evolved according to needs of affected growers and public stakeholders. Initially, the team focused on identification of H. halys, its damage symptoms and crop-specific risks, and short-term mitigation strategies for crop protection. Subsequently, work focused on its biology, ecology, and behavior leading to the development of potential longer-term IPM tactics and landscape level management solutions, including biological control. This work continues under a second SCRI CAP grant (2016–2021). The information from the initial team reached an estimated 22,000 specialty crop stakeholder contacts via Extension efforts, and over 600 million people via mainstream media. We highlight the main lessons learned from coordinating a national response to the threat posed by H. halys to agriculture in the United States.

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