Preferences and Performance of Erythroneura sudra (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on Five Fruit Tree Species (Rosaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-937
Author(s):  
Xunbing Huang ◽  
Yueyue Wang ◽  
Zehua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Erythroneura sudra is a leafhopper occurring in northern China, which causes significant damage to fruit. The relationships between E. sudra and five fruit tree species (Rosaceae) were studied for 3 yr. The highest relative density of E. sudra was recorded on leaves of Amygdalus persica L. and Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl. Likewise, it had the highest survival rate and shortest developmental time when it fed on these two plants species, indicating that they were the most preferred by E. sudra than the other plant species. The relative density and growth performance of E. sudra were negatively correlated with the levels of tannins and flavonoids in the leaves of the host species. Both plant species had relatively lower flavonoids and tannins, and this may have contributed to the enhanced survival and population growth of E. sudra. These results can guide the development of improved management strategies for this pest.

scholarly journals Larval Host Preference and Suitability for the Sawfly Mesoneura rufonota among Five Cinnamomun Tree Species

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jiaying Zhou ◽  
Jiangtao Zhang ◽  
Tom Tregenza ◽  
Youliang Pan ◽  
Qinzhao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Choice Feeding

The camphor sawfly, Mesoneura rufonota Rohwer, is an economically important leaf-chewing pest of the genus Cinnamomum Trew. However, little is known about the range of species that it can infest within this genus or whether larvae show preferences for particular species. We conducted preference and performance experiments under laboratory conditions to assess larval host preference and suitability as a host plant of five congeneric trees species: C. camphora (Linn) Presl, C. bodinieri Levl., C. burmanni (Nees et T. Nees) Blume, C. pauciflorum Nees, and C. micranthum (Hay.) Hay. In no-choice, two-choice and multiple-choice feeding trials, significantly higher feeding rates were found on C. camphora, followed by C. bodinieri, compared to those on the other three tree species. In two-choice behavior trials, larvae moved to occupy leaves of C. camphora faster and more frequently, followed by C. bodinieri, than when offered the other three tree species. In no-choice fitness trials, the survival of larval and pupal stage was the highest, the developmental duration of larval and pupal stage was the shortest, the pupal body weight was the heaviest and adults lived the longest on C. camphora followed by C. bodinieri, while M. rufonota did not complete development on C. burmanni, C. pauciflorum or C. micranthum. Our results demonstrate that larvae consistently prefer and perform better on C. camphora leaves, that they can utilize C. bodinieri, but it is less preferred, and that C. burmanni, C. pauciflorum, and C. micranthum appear to be unsuitable as a host for M. rufonota.

Fatty acids in honeybee-collected pollens from six endemic Western Australian eucalypts and the possible significance to the Western Australian beekeeping industry

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manning ◽  
M. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
European Honeybee

Western Australian eucalypt pollens in this research have low levels of lipid (0.59–1.9%) when compared with many other plant species that have evolved alongside the European honeybee. Eucalypt-pollen lipid was dominant in linoleic acid (35.7–48%). The six other major fatty acids that were present in the lipid were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic and arachidic acids. Linoleic acid was dominant in eucalypt pollen at average concentrations of 2.77–5.81 mg/g pollen. These results could be of significance to the Australian beekeeping industry in refining disease-management strategies in the light that other researchers have found that 2 economically damaging bee diseases (EFB and AFB) are inhibited by certain concentrations of the acid. Redgum- or marri (Corymbia calophylla)-pollen lipid was also dominated by 2 other known antibacterial fatty acids: myristic (0.25 mg/g pollen) and linolenic (1.06 mg/g pollen), when compared with the other eucalypts studied.

Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. M. Samogim ◽  
T. C. Oliveira ◽  
Z. N. Figueiredo ◽  
J. M. B. Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

Growth and Performance of Agriculture Sector in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Singla ◽  
Mamandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

The growth of agriculture and allied sectors is critical for the Indian economy as about 49 percent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. During the last decade and so, the agriculture sector has undergone profound changes resulting in sharp deceleration in its growth. The study has attempted to analyze growth and performance of the agriculture sector in India since 1980-81 and tries to comprehend some of the factors responsible for the deceleration in growth. The study has shown that agriculture sector has been able to show tremendous improvement in expansion of area and production of food grain and non-food grain crops. However, there are so many underlying factors responsible for slowdown of the agricultural growth. Some of the factors identified include: Increase in area under non-agriculture uses, excessive dependence on rain fed farming, increase in number of agricultural labourers, reducing size of the operation holdings, over use of agri-inputs, inequity in the distribution of agriculture credit along with sharp deceleration in public gross capital formation in agriculture etc. The study pointed in order to achieve higher growth rate, there is a need to enhance the gross capital formation in agriculture sector particularly on irrigation so that more area can be brought under assured irrigation. Bringing equity in distribution of agricultural credit coupled with judicious and need-based agricultural inputs are some of the other recommendations drawn based upon the study.

scholarly journals How significant are endophytic fungi in bromeliad seeds and seedlings? Effects on germination, survival and performance of two epiphytic plant species

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Leroy ◽  
Arthur QuyManh Maes ◽  
Eliane Louisanna ◽  
Nathalie Séjalon-Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Epiphytic Plant ◽  
And Performance

DNA barcoding of important fruit tree species of agronomic interest in the genus Garcinia L. from the Western Ghats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayesh Anerao ◽  
Vikas Jha ◽  
Nishaat Shaikh ◽  
Apurva Shivalkar ◽  
Aishwarya Nityanand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
The Western Ghats

scholarly journals Eurasian and North American phylogeny of Turolian hipparionine horses (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in China

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
Mahito Watabe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Eastern Half

The late Miocene Chinese hipparions are morphologically diversified showing similarity to both western Old World's and North American forms. Two Chinese taxa that are phylogenetically related to western Old World's forms are Hipparion fossatum (= H. forstende) from Baode (Shanxi) and H. hippidiodus from Qingyang (Gansu) and Baode. The former is related to H. mediterraneum and the latter to H. urmiense - platygenys from the Turolian localities in the western Old World. H. fossatum and H. hippidiodus are associated with the “dorcadoides” (open-land) and “mixed” faunas in northern China. Hipparion fossatum that is characterized by POF located close to the orbit co-occurs with large and morphologically specialized form, H. dermatorhinum in Baode (Loc.30). H. hippidiodus with reduced POF is discovered with smaller H. coelophyes in Loc. 43, 44 (Baode) and Loc. 115 (Gansu).The hipparions associated with the “gaudryi” (forest) fauna are characterized by well defined and small POF located far from the orbit. Those forms are: H. platyodus from Loc. 70; H. ptychodus from Loc. 73; H. tylodus from Hsi-Liang in Yushe - Wuxiang basins; and H. sefvei from Loc. 12 at Xin-an in Henan province. H. coelophyes from Baode (Loc.43 & 44) and Qingyang (Loc. 115) also show similar facial morphology to the these forms, although it has small size and shallow POF. Those forms are similar in facial and dental morphology to Hipparion sensu stricto and some species of Cormohipparion in North America.The assemblages of Chinese hipparions are composed of two groups whose members are phylogenetically similar to the forms from both western part of Eurasia and North America. The “gaudryi” fauna is considered younger than the other two on the basis of faunal analyses. The similarity in hipparionine taxonomy between northern China and North America in the latest Miocene is an evidences for possible faunal interchange(s) occurred during that period, as suggested by taxonomic analyses on carnivores and proboscideans in eastern half of Eurasia and North America.

Relative Distribution and Incidence of Viruses Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Tomato Fields in Trinidad

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
S. N. Rampersad
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Tobacco Etch Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
High Incidence

Tomato production in Trinidad has suffered considerable losses in yield and fruit quality due to infections of hitherto surmised etiology. In order to develop strategies for controlling viral diseases in tomato, the relative distribution and incidence of seven viruses that commonly infect tomato were determined. Of the 362 samples tested, Potato yellow mosaic Trinidad virus (PYMTV) was found in every farm except two and was present at relatively high incidence throughout the country. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) were found in fewer farms and at lower incidences while the other viruses were absent. Single infections of either virus were more common than double infections and multiple infections were rare but present. The results indicated that PYMTV is the predominant and most important viral pathogen in tomato production systems in Trinidad; however, begomovirus disease management strategies will also have to accommodate controls Accepted for publication 10 January 2006. Published 9 March 2006.

Musical training improves memory for instrumental music, but not vocal music or words

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. P. Wilbiks ◽  
Sean Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Verbal Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Brain

In previous research, there exists some debate about the effects of musical training on memory for verbal material. The current research examines this relationship, while also considering musical training effects on memory for musical excerpts. Twenty individuals with musical training were tested and their results were compared to 20 age-matched individuals with no musical experience. Musically trained individuals demonstrated a higher level of memory for classical musical excerpts, with no significant differences for popular musical excerpts or for words. These findings are in support of previous research showing that while music and words overlap in terms of their processing in the brain, there is not necessarily a facilitative effect between training in one domain and performance in the other.

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