Factors Influencing the Distribution of a Generalist Spring-Feeding Moth,Operophtera brumata(Lepidoptera: Geometridae), on Host Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli-Pekka Tikkanen ◽  
Timothy G. Carr ◽  
Heikki Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Identification of Factors Influencing Flight Performance of Field-Collected and Laboratory-Reared, Overwintered, and Nonoverwintered Cactus Moths Fed with Field-Collected Host Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1291-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sarvary ◽  
Stephen D. Hight ◽  
James E. Carpenter ◽  
Stephanie Bloem ◽  
Kenneth A. Bloem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Phenological asynchrony between herbivorous insects and their hosts: signal of climate change or pre-existing adaptive strategy?

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1555) ◽  
pp. 3161-3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Singer ◽  
Camille Parmesan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Phenological Mismatch ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Evolution Of Life

Climate change alters phenological relations between interacting species. We might expect the historical baseline, or starting-point, for such effects to be precise synchrony between the season at which a consumer most requires food and the time when its resources are most available. We synthesize evidence that synchrony was not the historical condition in two insect–plant interactions involving Edith's checkerspot butterfly ( Euphydryas editha ), the winter moth ( Operophtera brumata ) and their host plants. Initial observations of phenological mismatch in both systems were made prior to the onset of anthropogenically driven climate change. Neither species can detect the phenology of its host plants with precision. In both species, evolution of life history has involved compromise between maximizing fecundity and minimizing mortality, with the outcome being superficially maladaptive strategies in which many, or even most, individuals die of starvation through poor synchrony with their host plants. Where phenological asynchrony or mismatch with resources forms the starting point for effects of anthropogenic global warming, consumers are particularly vulnerable to impacts that exacerbate the mismatch. This vulnerability likely contributed to extinction of a well-studied metapopulation of Edith's checkerspot, and to the skewed geographical pattern of population extinctions underlying a northward and upward range shift in this species.

scholarly journals Seasonal and weather factors influencing the annual flight cycle of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and its predator Teretriosoma nigrescens (Coleoptera: Histeridae) in Benin

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Borgemeister ◽  
W. G. Meikle ◽  
D. Scholz ◽  
C. Adda ◽  
P. Degbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Woody Host ◽  
Teretriosoma Nigrescens

AbstractInvestigations were carried out in southern Benin on the annual flight cycle and the effects of weather variables on the flight activity of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) and its natural enemy, Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis. Two seasonal peaks in flight activity of P. truncatus were observed, one between the end of December and the beginning of January and a second one between May and June. Teretriosoma nigrescens showed a single delayed peak in June, approximately six weeks after the major peak of P. truncatus. Flight activity of P. truncatus was only weakly associated with weather characteristics (standardized regression coefficient for mean daily temperature b = 0.18, t = 2.87, P < 0.05)), whereas for T. nigrescens it was associated with precipitation (standardized regression coefficient for accumulated rainfall during the trapping period b = 0.38, t = 4.76, P < 0.05). The possibility that one of the P. truncatus peaks was associated with dispersal from crowded maize stores and the other with the search for natural woody host plants is discussed.

The Holarctic genus Teleiopsis: host-plants, biogeography and cladistics (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Pitkin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Consensus Classification ◽  
Eleven Species

AbstractTeleiopsis, a Holarctic though predominantly Palaearctic genus, is revised and eleven species are recognized. Three of these are newly described and one new generic combination is established. Keys to the species of Teleiopsis and figures of moths and their male and female genitalia are given. A cladistic analysis was carried out using PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony); the results are discussed and a consensus classification of the species is derived. Biological data, as far as known, are given for each species. Host-plant and biogeographical relationships within the genus are analysed and factors influencing intraspecific variation are discussed.

Systematics and molecular phylogeny of two African stem borer genera, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden and Carelis Bowden (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moyal ◽  
B. Le Ru ◽  
D. Conlong ◽  
D. Cugala ◽  
B. Defabachew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractCurrently, the systematics of the African noctuid stem borers of the subtribe Sesamiina, which include major pests of cereals, is confused. In addition, their ecology is poorly known, as are the factors influencing their evolution. In this paper, we address these shortcomings for two genera of the Sesamiina, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden and Carelis Bowden. Mixed Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, which included their host plants and two mitochondrial genes, showed the genus Sciomesa to be polyphyletic. Two new genera were created, Pirateolea and Feraxinia. The genus Carelis proved to be paraphyletic and was subdivided into two sub-genera. The genera Sciomesa, Carelis and Pirateolea (named the ‘Sciomesa genus group’) share morphological traits, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that they had a common ancestor living on Cyperaceae and that they were distant from the genus Feraxinia belonging to another clade which had an ancestor living on Poaceae. Seven new species were described: Sciomesa gnosia sp. n., Sciomesia bua sp. n., Pirateolea nola gen. n, sp. n., Feraxinia serena gen. n., sp. n., Carelis australis sp. n., Carelis transversa sp. n. and Carelis agnae sp. n. Ten species were sunk as synonyms: Sciomesa mesoscia (Hampson) syn. n., Sciomesa mirifica Laporte syn. n., Sciomesa constantini Laporte syn. n. and Sciomesa etchecopari Laporte syn. n. are synonyms of Sciomesa mesophaea (Aurivillius); Acrapex sparsipucta Laporte syn. n. is a synonym of Sciomesa excelsa (Laporte) comb. n.; Acrapex congitae Laporte syn. n., Sesamia minuta Laporte syn. n. and Sesamia minuscula Laporte syn. n. are synonyms of Sciomesa boulardi (Laporte) comb. n.; Acrapex bryae Laporte syn. n. and Acrapex fayei Laporte syn. n. are synonyms of Feraxinia jemjemensis (Laporte) comb. n. Eleven new combinations were created: Sciomesa excelsa (Laporte) comb. n., Sciomesa boulardi (Laporte) comb. n., Sciomesa punctipennis (Krüger) comb. n., Pirateolea piscator (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea argocyma (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea cyclophora (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea ochroneura (Fletcher) comb. n., Pirateolea funebris (Krüger) comb. n., Feraxinia nyei (Fletcher) comb. n., Feraxinia jemjemensis (Laporte) comb. n. and Carelis biluma (Nye) comb. n.

scholarly journals A Generic Model Accounting for the Interactions among Pathogens, Host Plants, Biocontrol Agents, and the Environment, with Parametrization for Botrytis cinerea on Grapevines

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Fedele ◽  
Federica Bove ◽  
Elisa González-Domínguez ◽  
Vittorio Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Environmental Responses

Although the use of biocontrol agents (BCAs) to manage plant pathogens has emerged as a sustainable means for disease control, global reliance on their use remains relatively insignificant and the factors influencing their efficacy remain unclear. In this work, we further developed an existing generic model for biocontrol of foliar diseases, and we parametrized the model for the Botrytis cinerea–grapevine pathosystem. The model was operated under three climate types to study the combined effects on BCA efficacy of four factors: (i) BCA mechanism of action, (ii) timing of BCA application with respect to timing of pathogen infection (preventative vs. curative), (iii) temperature and moisture requirements for BCA growth, and (iv) BCA survival capability. All four factors affected biocontrol efficacy, but factors iii and iv accounted for > 90% of the variation in model simulations. In other words, the most important factors affecting BCA efficacy were those related to environmental conditions. These findings indicate that the environmental responses of BCAs should be considered during their selection, BCA survival capability should be considered during both selection and formulation, and weather conditions and forecasts should be considered at the time of BCA application in the field.

Factors influencing adhesive bonding at the bone/implant interface

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1114-1115
Author(s):  
Julie A. Martini ◽  
Robert H. Doremus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lr White ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tracy and Doremus have demonstrated chemical bonding between bone and hydroxylapatite with transmission electron microscopy. Now researchers ponder how to improve upon this bond in turn improving the life expectancy and biocompatibility of implantable orthopedic devices.This report focuses on a study of the- chemical influences on the interfacial integrity and strength. Pure hydroxylapatite (HAP), magnesium doped HAP, strontium doped HAP, bioglass and medical grade titanium cylinders were implanted into the tibial cortices of New Zealand white rabbits. After 12 weeks, the implants were retrieved for a scanning electron microscopy study coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy.Following sacrifice and careful retrieval, the samples were dehydrated through a graduated series starting with 50% ethanol and continuing through 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, and 100% ethanol over a period of two days. The samples were embedded in LR White. Again a graduated series was used with solutions of 50, 75 and 100% LR White diluted in ethanol.

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