Differential Mortality in Male and Female Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Pupae by Invertebrate Natural Enemies and Other Factors

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Fuester ◽  
Philip B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Male And Female

Quantitative studies on Heterakis gallinarum infections in the common fowl, Gallus gallus L.

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. M. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTThe fertility, mortality, and migration patterns of Heterakis gallinarum were studied in chickens with concomitant Parahistomonas wenrichi infections. H. gallinarum females were found to produce approximately 936 ova per day, when 50 days of age, and a total of 34,000 to 86,000 ova in a lifetime. There was no evidence of differential mortality between the sexes, nor of a preference for either the left or the right caecal organ of chickens. Both male and female worms are capable of migrating between caeca, and are especially prone to do so when in the absence of individuals of the opposite sex.

BEHAVIOR OF THE GYPSY MOTH PREDATOR, CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA L. (CARABIDAE: COLEOPTERA), AS INFLUENCED BY TIME OF DAY AND REPRODUCTIVE STATUS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Weseloh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Video Recorder ◽  
Time Eating

AbstractAdult Calosoma sycophanta L. (Carabidae: Coleoptera) male and female pairs in a laboratory arena were observed for up to 30 days with a video recorder. Beetles were visible (i.e. not hiding) or in soil (i.e. female ovipositing) especially during night hours. Feeding on gypsy moth larvae occurred any time of the day or night. Male and female beetles were most active during the time when female beetles were ovipositing. Females spent more time eating and staying in soil than did males, but males tended to move around the arena more than did females. Based on results from this study, it is expected that, in the forest, C. sycophanta females will spend most of their time hidden in leaf litter or ovipositing. Males are more likely to be seen because they spend more time moving about, probably seeking mates.

Some Factors that Distort the Sex Ratio of the Gypsy Moth Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
Population Consequences ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
The Town

AbstractDuring a study on the population dynamics of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), conducted in the Town of Glenville, New York, some factors were found to affect the sexes differentially. The importance of this differential mortality is indicated by the fact that 78 per cent of the variation in the logarithm of an index of population trend (the ratio of population density from year to year) was associated with the logarithm of adult sex ratio.Disease and desiccation during instars IV-VI and among pre-pupae were strongly selective against the female insects. This differential mortality caused a change in the pupal sex ratio from about 70 per cent females where no disease occurred to less than 25 per cent female pupae following an epizoötic. Ichneumonids, on the other hand, usually killed more male pupae than females, except when host size was reduced by excessive larval density and competition. The net result from this series of factors that distort the sex ratio has been to produce adult sex ratios varying from more than 80 per cent female moths to only 2 per cent females.In this host species, as in most other animals, it seems that the population consequences of a mortality factor that kills the host sexes in different proportions should be evaluated in terms of the more critical (female) sex destroyed.

scholarly journals A SURVEY OF THE FOREST INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO PART II

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-608
Author(s):  
Luis F. Martorell
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Of Importance

The second part of the work is an entomological discussion of the most important forms of the Insecta affecting our trees. Often, the following information is given about each insect species: general distribution of the insect; description of the adults (male and female), eggs, larval, nymphal, pupal and chrysalis stages; habits, natural enemies, applied control and host trees. It would be really very hard to tell which are the most noxious insect pests of the forests, due to the fact that almost all of them are on the same level of importance. Only a few are outstanding as really dangerous pests of economic importance.

scholarly journals Notes on Some Biological Aspects of Arctornis riguata Snellen (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
HARI SUTRISNO ◽  
. SUPUTA ◽  
HARI PURNOMO ◽  
SISWO POLANDONO ◽  
CIPTO WALUYO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black Scale ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Vast Range

Arctornis riguata Snellen is one of lymantriids which attacked a vast range of mango trees in Probolinggo at the beginning of 2011. About 1.2% mango trees from nine sub-districts have been defoliated by the larvae of this species. The larvae of this genus have been reported to forage at Anacardiacea as well; however, they have never been reported to forage at cultivated mango trees in Indonesia. Since there is no biological information of this species, thus, a study on some biological aspects of this species is needed. This study was conducted in the field as well as in the laboratory during 4 months (March-July 2011). The diagnostic characters of this species are black scale at dorsal antenna on both male and female and slightly setae particularly at the costal angle of valve on the male genitalia. Life span of this species is in the range of 30-37 days. This study also found four natural enemies of A. riguata i.e.: Bleparipa sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae), Euagathis sp. (Hymenoptera: Brachonidae), Theronia sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Brachymeria lasus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Moreover, a single fungal pathogen of this species also was identified, i.e. Isaria fumosorosea Wize. Having these results, we considered that to control A. riguata, one need to conserve the native natural enemies by manipulating their environment.  

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