scholarly journals Effects of Ancymidol and Gibberellic Acid on the Response of Susceptible ‘Newton’ and Resistant ‘Abe’ Winter Wheat Infested by Biotype E Hessian Flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Stanley G. Wellso ◽  
Ronald C. Coolbaugh ◽  
Robert P. Hoxie
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Hessian Flies

scholarly journals Bioassay of Winter Wheat for Gibberellic Acid Sensitivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
pp. 2015-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Pavlista ◽  
Dipak K. Santra ◽  
David D. Baltensperger
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Acid Sensitivity

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

scholarly journals Detection of Norin 10 dwarfing genes in winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
M. Škorpík ◽  
P. Prášilová ◽  
V. Šíp
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Insensitivity to the applied gibberellic acid, indicating the presence of Norin 10 dwarfing genes, was detected in 20 of 57 (35.1%) winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic in 2002. Hybrid analyses in F<sub>2</sub> generation showed a prevalent occurrence of Rht2 gene (in 14 varieties). Only 6 varieties were found to carry Rht1 gene. Among the recently developed Rht2 varieties, Clever possesses also a high bread-making quality which was not observed with the older materials. Rht2 varieties were found, on average, less winter-hardy, later in heading and more resistant to lodging than Rht1 varieties. &nbsp;

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLERING, SPIKE NUMBER AND GRAIN YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN ONTARIO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BULMAN ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spike Number

Two field experiments were conducted to examine the relationships between tillering, spike number and grain yield in three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Treatments were designed to manipulate both the production and survival of tillers, and to provide a high number of spikes per unit area. One experiment involved growth regulator treatments with cycocel and gibberellic acid while the second involved various rates of nitrogen. Grain yield was linearly related to total spike number over a range of 400–1200 spikes m−2 in a combined analysis over locations and years. When only spikes with at least nine fertile spikelets were included, a greater amount of the variability in yield could be explained, and differences among cultivars were related to the number of small, unproductive spikes. When locations and years were analyzed separately, little evidence was found for a diminishing response between grain yield and total spike number. Spike number was related to maximum tiller number in 1982, when winterkill and early spring conditions were unfavorable. Thus, although good fall tillering and winter survival contribute most to producing high spike numbers and grain yield, cultivars must also have the ability both to tiller rapidly in the spring and to sustain high-yielding tillers to provide sufficient compensation following winterkill.Key words: tillering, spikes, yield, wheat, nitrogen, regulators

scholarly journals Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acid, Gibberellic Acid and ACC-Deaminase by Mortierella Strains Promote Winter Wheat Seedlings Growth under Different Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ozimek ◽  
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł ◽  
Justyna Bohacz ◽  
Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska ◽  
Renata Tyśkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight

The endogenous pool of phytoregulators in plant tissues supplied with microbial secondary metabolites may be crucial for the development of winter wheat seedlings during cool springs. The phytohormones may be synthesized by psychrotrophic microorganisms in lower temperatures occurring in a temperate climate. Two fungal isolates from the Spitzbergen soils after the microscopic observations and “the internal transcribed spacer” (ITS) region molecular characterization were identified as Mortierella antarctica (MA DEM7) and Mortierella verticillata (MV DEM32). In order to study the synthesis of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), Mortierella strains were grown on media supplemented with precursor of phytohormones tryptophan at 9, 15 °C, and 20 °C for nine days. The highest amount of IAA synthesis was identified in MV DEM32 nine-day-culture at 15 °C with 1.5 mM of tryptophan. At the same temperature (15 °C), the significant promoting effect (about 40% root and shoot fresh weight) of this strain on seedlings was observed. However, only MA DEM-7 had the ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity with the highest efficiency at 9 °C and synthesized IAA without tryptophan. Moreover, at the same conditions, the strain was confirmed to possess the strong promoting effect (about 40% root and 24% shoot fresh weight) on seedlings. Both strains synthesized GA in all tested terms and temperatures. The studied Mortierella strains had some important traits that led them to be considered as microbial biofertilizers components, improving plant growth in difficult temperate climates.

Prestimulation of wheat seedlings with gibberellic acid followed by application of an agitated high dilution of the same hormone

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (42) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Sonja Hribar-Marko ◽  
Helmut Graunke ◽  
Waltraud Scherer-Pongratz ◽  
Harald Lothaller ◽  
Peter Christian Endler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Background In previous multicentre studies, the influence of a homeopathic ultra-high dilution of gibberellic acid on wheat growth was scrutinized. Data showed that this test dilution slowed down stalk growth when experiments were performed in the autumn season. Aim To test the hypothesis that pretreatment of grains with high concentrations of gibberellic acid would enhance the growth-inhibiting effect of the ultra-high dilution of the plant hormone Methods Grains of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, 500 or 1000 per group) were pretreated with (non-agitated) gibberellic acid 10-5, 10-4 and 10-3 or with water (“W”) for control prior to treatment with G30x or W30x. Grains were observed under the influence of extremely diluted gibberellic acid (10-30) prepared by stepwise dilution and agitation according to a protocol derived from homeopathy (“G30x”). Analogously prepared water was used for control (“W30x”). Seedlings were allowed to develop under standardized conditions for 7 days; plants were harvested and stalk lengths were measured. Results Of the four pretreatment variants under study, Ge-3 yielded most growth, followed by Ge-4 , Ge-5 and finally W. This outcome was modulated by the application of G30x and W30x in that the inhibition obtained with G30x as compared to W30x was the greater the lower the pretreatment concentration of G had been. The hypothesis that pretreatment of grains with high concentrations of gibberellic acid would enhance the growth inhibiting effect of G30x had to be rejected. Rather, G30x slowed down stalk growth most in the W group with p < 0.001, only moderately in the Ge-5 and Ge-4 group and not at all in the Ge-3 group.

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