Genetic Manipulation Used Against a Field Population of House Flies: 1 3. Males and Females Bearing a Heterozygous Translocation; Releases Begun After Initial Seasonal Peak Population Level Reached 23

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Morgan ◽  
Dale E. Wagoner ◽  
Richard L. Fye
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Field Population ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Seasonal Peak ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Heterozygous Translocation

Genetic Manipulation Used Against a Field Population of House Flies.1 1. Males Bearing a Heterozygous Translocation2

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Wagoner ◽  
P. B. Morgan ◽  
G. C. Labrecque ◽  
O. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Field Population ◽  
House Flies

scholarly journals Mutability of demographic noise in microbial range expansions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
QinQin Yu ◽  
Matti Gralka ◽  
Marie-Cécilia Duvernoy ◽  
Megan Sousa ◽  
Arbel Harpak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Establishment Probability ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Demographic Noise ◽  
Single Gene Deletion

AbstractDemographic noise, the change in the composition of a population due to random birth and death events, is an important driving force in evolution because it reduces the efficacy of natural selection. Demographic noise is typically thought to be set by the population size and the environment, but recent experiments with microbial range expansions have revealed substantial strain-level differences in demographic noise under the same growth conditions. Many genetic and phenotypic differences exist between strains; to what extent do single mutations change the strength of demographic noise? To investigate this question, we developed a high-throughput method for measuring demographic noise in colonies without the need for genetic manipulation. By applying this method to 191 randomly-selected single gene deletion strains from the E. coli Keio collection, we find that a typical single gene deletion mutation decreases demographic noise by 8% (maximal decrease: 81%). We find that the strength of demographic noise is an emergent trait at the population level that can be predicted by colony-level traits but not cell-level traits. The observed differences in demographic noise from single gene deletions can increase the establishment probability of beneficial mutations by almost an order of magnitude (compared to in the wild type). Our results show that single mutations can substantially alter adaptation through their effects on demographic noise and suggest that demographic noise can be an evolvable trait of a population.

scholarly journals Structure and Sequence of the Sex Determining Locus in Two Wild Populations of Nile Tilapia

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Cécile Triay ◽  
Matthew A. Conte ◽  
Jean-François Baroiller ◽  
Etienne Bezault ◽  
Frances E. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Sequence Coverage ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sex Determination System

In domesticated strains of the Nile tilapia, phenotypic sex has been linked to genetic variants on linkage groups 1, 20 and 23. This diversity of sex-loci might reflect a naturally polymorphic sex determination system in Nile tilapia, or it might be an artefact arising from the process of domestication. Here, we searched for sex-determiners in wild populations from Kpandu, Lake Volta (Ghana-West Africa), and from Lake Koka (Ethiopia-East Africa) that have not been subjected to any genetic manipulation. We analysed lab-reared families using double-digest Restriction Associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) and analysed wild-caught males and females with pooled whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Strong sex-linked signals were found on LG23 in both populations, and sex-linked signals with LG3 were observed in Kpandu samples. WGS uncovered blocks of high sequence coverage, suggesting the presence of B chromosomes. We confirmed the existence of a tandem amh duplication in LG23 in both populations and determined its breakpoints between the oaz1 and dot1l genes. We found two common deletions of ~5 kb in males and confirmed the presence of both amhY and amh∆Y genes. Males from Lake Koka lack both the previously reported 234 bp deletion and the 5 bp frameshift-insertion that creates a premature stop codon in amh∆Y.

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SPECIES OF UROLEPIS (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: PTEROMALIDAE), POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS OF FILTH FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
World Species ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
The World ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
Biological Literature ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractThe world species of Urolepis Walker are reviewed and a key is given to differentiate females of Urolepis singularis (Ashmead) and males and females of Urolepis maritima (Walker) and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead). Lectotypes are designated for U. rufipes and U. singularis. Biological literature relating to parasitism of house flies and stable flies by U. maritima and U. rufipes is summarized, and known hosts of the three species and collection records within the Nearctic region are given. Urolepis maritima is recorded for the first time from the Nearctic region, and U. rufipes is confirmed from northern Europe (Denmark and Germany).

scholarly journals Geographical variation in house-fly (Musca domestica L.) sex determinants within the British Isles

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Denholm ◽  
M. G. Franco ◽  
P. G. Rubini ◽  
M. Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
British Isles ◽  
House Flies ◽  
North East ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
South East England ◽  
Female Determinant ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Determination Mechanism

SummaryGenetic and cytological analyses of house-flies collected from 12 pig-breeding farms throughout the British Isles demonstrated that the non-standard sex determination mechanism prevailing in South-East England, involving a dominant female determinant (F) and virtual homozygosity for a male determinant on the X chromosome (Xm, both males and females morphologically XX), was not typical of the country as a whole. Instead there was a gradual decrease in the frequency of F, Xm and a rarer male determinant M III, and a concomitant increase in the standard male determining Y chromosome, on moving north, east and west of this region. Only the Scottish and probably the Irish populations were fully standard (XX females XY males), although one from the East Anglian coast in which non-standard determinants were rare was predominantly of this type. Populations from intermediate areas possessed complex multifactorial mechanisms in which Y, F Xm and M III coexisted. It is hypothesized that this radial cline in sex determinants, like the latitudinal cline known from mainland Europe, represents a transient polymorphism caused by the recent and continuing invasion of non-standard determinants into originally standard populations. The cause(s) of this apparently rapid evolutionary change, however, remain unclear.

Abstract P710: Using Dictionary Learning to Determine Differences in Vasculature Between Males and Females to Understand Gender Differences in Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mendoza ◽  
Aichi Chien
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Dictionary Learning ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Stroke Imaging ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction: Between males and females, there is a variation in stroke incidence, with males having a stroke incidence 33% higher than women. This difference may be partly due to gender differences in vascular regions between males and females. We hypothesize that statistically significant population differences in vasculature may be identified and measured through image analysis methods. Methods: We have developed and verified a scalable big data image-processing pipeline for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), without relying on a MRI registration intermediary, and allowing for multi-modality analysis. Our approach uses dictionary learning to find differences between groups by comparing projections of 3D images from each individual. It enables the degree of regional variation between population groups to be visualized as a color map overlaid on a representative template of the Circle of Willis (CoW). Results: Analyzing a dataset of MRA images from 42 patients (25 female, 17 male), we found the group of females to have larger ICA and more likely to have a complete CoW. The figure presents a heat map of differences between male and female patients from our analysis. Conclusion: The gender differences we found with this new method are consistent with previous research. This multi-modality population level analysis tool may be used to analyze stroke imaging data and extract key global differences. With big data available today, it can be used to quantify statistical differences in vasculature between populations, to gain insight for better stroke diagnosis or treatment.

scholarly journals Genetic consequences of sex-biased dispersal in a solitary carnivore: Yellowstone cougars

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Biek ◽  
Naomi Akamine ◽  
Michael K Schwartz ◽  
Toni K Ruth ◽  
Kerry M Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Female Dispersal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Genetic Contributions ◽  
Solitary Species

Male-biased dispersal is a common trait in mammals, including carnivores, but its genetic consequences at the population level have been rarely considered for solitary species. We used long-term genetic data from cougars ( Puma concolor ) in and around Yellowstone National Park to test predictions based on differences in dispersal behaviour among males and females. Consistent with frequent long-distance dispersal of males, we found support for our prediction of less than expected allele sharing in pair-wise comparisons. In contrast, female residents present at the same time and females separated by few generations failed to share more alleles than expected, contrary to our predictions based on limited female dispersal. However, we find that genetic contributions of females with higher reproductive success were still noticeable in subsequent generations, consistent with female offspring showing fidelity to their natal area. These results highlight the importance of male dispersal for inbreeding avoidance, but do not indicate that short-distance dispersal or philopatry in female cougars results in spatial clustering of related individuals.

THE INCORPORATION OF LABORATORY-REARED GENETIC MATERIAL INTO A FIELD POPULATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP BLOWFLY, LUCILIA CUPRINA (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Whitten ◽  
G. G. Foster ◽  
R. L. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Fluorescent Dust ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractCompetitiveness of laboratory-reared Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) has been examined under field conditions. The separate release of males and females each marked genetically and with fluorescent dust permitted estimates of dispersal, survival and mating competitiveness for both sexes. The ability of males to seek mates and introduce marker genes into a field population did not appear to be impaired as a result of several years of laboratory colonization. Released females were readily inseminated though suitable conditions did not exist for adequate assessment of their ability to produce offspring.

scholarly journals Clusters of Adolescent Physical Activity Tracker Patterns and Their Associations With Physical Activity Behaviors in Finland and Ireland: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/18509 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e18509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok Ng ◽  
Sami Kokko ◽  
Tuija Tammelin ◽  
Jouni Kallio ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Males And Females

Background Physical activity trackers (PATs) such as apps and wearable devices (eg, sports watches, heart rate monitors) are increasingly being used by young adolescents. Despite the potential of PATs to help monitor and improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behaviors, there is a lack of research that confirms an association between PAT ownership or use and physical activity behaviors at the population level. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the ownership and use of PATs in youth and their associations with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, sports club membership, and active travel, in 2 nationally representative samples of young adolescent males and females in Finland and Ireland. Methods Comparable data were gathered in the 2018 Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (F-SPA 2018, n=3311) and the 2018 Irish Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA 2018, n=4797) studies. A cluster analysis was performed to obtain the patterns of PAT ownership and usage by adolescents (age, 11-15 years). Four similar clusters were identified across Finnish and Irish adolescents: (1) no PATs, (2) PAT owners, (3) app users, and (4) wearable device users. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate how PAT clusters were associated with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, membership of sports clubs, and active travel, after stratification by gender. Results The proportion of app ownership among Finnish adolescents (2038/3311, 61.6%) was almost double that of their Irish counterparts (1738/4797, 36.2%). Despite these differences, the clustering patterns of PATs were similar between the 2 countries. App users were more likely to take part in daily MVPA (males, odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55; females, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.85) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.62; females, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.50) compared to the no PATs cluster, after adjusting for country, age, family affluence, and disabilities. These associations, after the same adjustments, were even stronger for wearable device users to participate in daily MVPA (males, OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.49-2.23; females, OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.80-2.82) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.55-2.88; females, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.71-2.52). Significant associations were observed between male users of wearable devices and taking part in active travel behavior (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04-1.86). Conclusions Although Finnish adolescents report more ownership of PATs than Irish adolescents, the patterns of use and ownership remain similar among the cohorts. The findings of our study show that physical activity behaviors were positively associated with wearable device users and app users. These findings were similar between males and females. Given the cross-sectional nature of this data, the relationship between using apps or wearable devices and enhancing physical activity behaviors requires further investigation.

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