Mold-Damaged Grain Sorghum as a Diet for Three Stored-Grain Beetles (Coleoptera)1

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Wright ◽  
R. Burroughs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles

FIELD EVALUATION OF A PHEROMONE TO DETECT ADULT RUSTY GRAIN BEETLES, CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE), IN STORED GRAIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Loschiavo ◽  
J. Wong ◽  
N.D.G. White ◽  
H.D. Pierce ◽  
J.H. Borden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Polyester Fibers

AbstractInsect-detection traps baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromones of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), were inserted into grain stored in primary elevator annex bins and in farm bins, or suspended in partly full or empty bins and outside under the eaves of bins. The mixture of the synthetic pheromones 4,8-dimethyl-E,E-4,8-decadienolide (ferrulactone I) and (Z)-3-dodecen-11-olide (ferrulactone II) was released from hollow polyester fibers (0.203 mm ID) positioned in the interior of the insect-detection trap. In annex bins, the number of beetles found in baited traps after 1 week ranged from 0 to 7300. In these bins, more beetles were found in traps at a depth of 30–60 cm than at 150–250 cm, and in traps with 2 fibers containing pheromone rather than with 1 fiber. In farm bins, baited and unbaited traps were relatively ineffective at grain temperatures below 14 °C. More beetles were found in baited than in unbaited traps in farm bins but the numbers were small and the differences were not significant. Few beetles were found in traps suspended in partly full or empty farm bins and none in traps suspended outside under the eaves.

A TRAP FOR THE DETECTION AND RECOVERY OF INSECTS IN STORED GRAIN

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Loschiavo ◽  
J. M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Stored Grain ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Insect Infestations

AbstractA trap that excludes grain kernels but permits the entry of grain beetles and mites is described. It may be used as a sampling device to detect insect infestations in stored grain. Sampling may be done with little disturbance to the surrounding grain and since the insects cannot escape, the trap can be left in position for prolonged periods.

The frequency of Cryptolestes spp. in grain in south-east Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
M Bengston
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Stored Grain Pests ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Grain Farms

In a survey of 60 grain farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland, during 1977-78, the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes spp., which are germ feeders in stored grains, were found on 39 of the farms and in 15% of the 483 samples taken. Ninety percent of infestations involving Cryptolestes spp. were found in bag or bulk stores of seed and feed grain, where they were usually associated with heavy infestations of the three more common stored grain pests, the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbest.). Three species of Cryptolestes were detected: C. pusillus (Schonherr) (45.6% of farms surveyed), C. ferrugineus (Steph.) (28.1 %), and C. pusilloides (Steel and Howe) (15.8%). During the farm survey, samples were also collected from 8 of the 11 central storages reported infested with Cryptolestes spp. C. ferrugineus was present in each of these samples, C. pusillus in only one, whilst C. pusilloides was not found. The three species were tested for resistance to malathion and fenitrothion, the most commonly used grain-protectant chemicals, by exposing adults to treated wheat. C. pusillus and C. pusilloides were susceptible to both malathion and fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1). C. ferrugineus, whilst susceptible to fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1) was resistant to malathion, with LC99.9 of 300-400 mg kg-1 compared with the recommended dose of 18 mg kg -1. Although C. pusillus was the most common species on farms, it was concluded that C. ferrugineus was the most important overall because it is biologically better suited to the grain in central storages, which is typically hot (>30�C) and of low moisture content (< 12% for wheat).

scholarly journals Stored Grain Pack Factor Measurements for Soybeans, Grain Sorghum, Oats, Barley, and Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 747-757
Author(s):  
Rumela Bhadra ◽  
Mark E. Casada ◽  
Aaron P. Turner ◽  
Michael D. Montross ◽  
Sidney A. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Density ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Farm Service Agency

Abstract. Grain and oilseed crops stored in bins undergo compaction due to overbearing pressure of the grain inside the structure. Thus, volume measurements of grain in bins need to be combined with the amount of packing (usually called pack factor) in addition to the initial density so that the mass in the structure can be calculated. Multiple pack factor prediction methods are in use in the grain industry, but they have only been validated in the literature and compared with field data for corn and hard red winter wheat. Predictions from WPACKING, the program in ASABE Standard EP413.2, and two standard USDA methods, the USDA Risk Management Agency (RMA) and USDA Farm Service Agency-Warehouse Licensing and Examination Division (FSA-W) methods, were compared to field measurements of 92 bins containing soybeans, grain sorghum, oats, barley, or soft white or durum wheat. The WPACKING predictions had the lowest absolute average error of predicted mass for soybeans, grain sorghum, barley, and wheat, while the FSA-W method had the lowest error for oats. The RMA method gave the largest prediction errors for all five crops and struggled especially with the low-density, high-compaction crops oats and barley, giving average percent absolute errors near or above 10% in both cases. Overall, WPACKING, the RMA method, and the FSA-W method had average percent absolute errors of 2.09%, 5.65%, and 3.62%, respectively, for the 92 bins. These results can be used to improve pack factor predictions for the grain industry. Keywords: Barley, Grain, Grain sorghum, Oats, Pack factor, Sorghum, Soybeans, Steel and concrete bins, Stored grain inventory, Test weight, Wheat.

FIELD TESTS OF DEVICES TO DETECT INSECTS IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF GRAIN STORAGES

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Loschiavo
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractInsect infestations in farm-stored grain, country elevators, and grain residues or spillages were detected by probes, traps, and scoops. Of 68 storages examined at 50 Saskatchewan farms in 1970, 25 were infested with the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). Of 52 storages examined in Saskatchewan in 1971 none of the permanent buildings was infested, but 27%, 30%, and 45% of temporary cribs, open piles, and grain residues, respectively, were infested with rusty grain beetles, fungus beetles, or both. The fungus beetles found most frequently in the traps were Lathridius minutus L. Cryptophagus varus Woodroffe and Coombs, and Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal). A survey of different grain storages in Manitoba in 1972 showed that 44%, 45%, and 69% of country elevalors, farm granaries, and open piles of grain, respectively, were infested with fungus beetles. None of the storages contained the rusty grain beetle alone but 5% of farm granaries and 31% of open piles examined were infested with both kinds of insects. The least infestation occurred in country elevators and the highest in open piles. In general, the lowest insect infestations were in grain stored in weather-proof buildings, and the highest in exposed grain. Grain in open piles or temporary cribs suffered considerable spoilage. The traps were useful in determining insect distribution and behavior in stored grain.

PHORETIC MITES FOUND ON BEETLES ASSOCIATED WITH STORED GRAIN IN MANITOBA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Stored Products ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fungal Mycelia

AbstractMites of 10 genera and one undescribed taxon of Pyemotidae were found on specimens of 10 genera of beetles of farm-stored grain or grain residues. Four species of the mites are known to be associated with stored products. Almost 10% of beetles carried mites. Most of the mites were found on the abdominal tergites, under the wings of the beetles, but Tarsonemus spp. were found on external surfaces of beetles. Hypopi of Acarus farris (Ouds.) are recorded for the first time as subelytral phoronts of grain beetles. Mites can occasionally be found in fungal mycelia attached to beetles.

Movement of Food in the Gut of Some Adult Stored Grain Beetles

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Starch Paste ◽  
Different Parts

The time required for passage of food through various segments of the alimentary canal is important in understanding the process of digestion in insects. Abbott (1926) gave some information on this subject in connection with his study of the physiology of digestion in the Australian roach, Perqlaneta australasiae Fab. Snipes and Tauber (1937), have recorded the time required for passage and ejection of one type of food in the American cockroach, P. americana L. Later Day and Powning (1949) studied the time taken for starch paste to reach different parts of the alimentary canal of the German cockroach, Blattella germmica (L.). But any information in this respect seems to be lacking in numerous species of insects other than the cockroach. This study was undertaken to determine the time required to reach various points of the gut of small stored grain beetles, to find out the difference in the time requirement between two closely related species living on same diet and between large and small insects. Investigations were also made to locate the region of mixing in the gut of two subsequent meals, to understand the significance of certain anatomical structures in the gut in relation to the movement of food. The adult beetles used in these experiments were, Tribolium confusum Duv., T. castaneum Herbst (Fam. Tenebrionidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), O. mercator (Fauval) and Laemophloeus pusilloides Steel and Howe (Fam. Cucujidae).

Comparison of Pneumatic and Manual Probe Sampling of Kansas Farm-stored Grain Sorghum

1986 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Meagher ◽  
Robert B. Mills ◽  
Michael R. Rubison
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Stored Grain

Temperature induced sterilization for control of three stored grain beetles

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Saxena ◽  
P.R. Sharma ◽  
R.K. Thappa ◽  
K. Tikku
Keyword(s):  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles
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