The frequency of Cryptolestes spp. in grain in south-east Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
M Bengston
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Stored Grain Pests ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Grain Farms

In a survey of 60 grain farms on the Darling Downs, Queensland, during 1977-78, the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes spp., which are germ feeders in stored grains, were found on 39 of the farms and in 15% of the 483 samples taken. Ninety percent of infestations involving Cryptolestes spp. were found in bag or bulk stores of seed and feed grain, where they were usually associated with heavy infestations of the three more common stored grain pests, the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbest.). Three species of Cryptolestes were detected: C. pusillus (Schonherr) (45.6% of farms surveyed), C. ferrugineus (Steph.) (28.1 %), and C. pusilloides (Steel and Howe) (15.8%). During the farm survey, samples were also collected from 8 of the 11 central storages reported infested with Cryptolestes spp. C. ferrugineus was present in each of these samples, C. pusillus in only one, whilst C. pusilloides was not found. The three species were tested for resistance to malathion and fenitrothion, the most commonly used grain-protectant chemicals, by exposing adults to treated wheat. C. pusillus and C. pusilloides were susceptible to both malathion and fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1). C. ferrugineus, whilst susceptible to fenitrothion (LC99.9 < 1 mg kg-1) was resistant to malathion, with LC99.9 of 300-400 mg kg-1 compared with the recommended dose of 18 mg kg -1. Although C. pusillus was the most common species on farms, it was concluded that C. ferrugineus was the most important overall because it is biologically better suited to the grain in central storages, which is typically hot (>30�C) and of low moisture content (< 12% for wheat).

Migration of stored-grain insect pests from a small wheat bulk

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
J Alder
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

One hundred unsexed adults of each of the following coleopterous species were added to 27 .3 kg of clean wheat: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (rice weevil), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (lesser grain borer), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (rust-red flour beetle), and the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), C. ferrugineus (Stephens), and C. pusilloides (Steele and Howe). For 15 months, measurements were made of population size and emigration from this wheat bulk. The highest populations recorded for each species were: 138 850, 65 680, 9 060, 47 000, 15 530, 11 940, respectively, and total emigrant numbers during the period were: 774 682, 278 094, 123 784, 335 588, 39 070, 9 352, respectively. Such high numbers of emigrants in relation to relatively low source populations emphasize the significance of small amounts of infested grain as sources of infestation of large grain bulks, and hence the importance of grain hygiene. The proportion of females in the populations of four species changed significantly from 0.50 as populations developed. Emigration behaviour was influenced most commonly by temperature, insect numbers, and wheat age, but these factors did not act uniformly on all species. Negligible numbers of emigrants returned to the food source. Low numbers caught in food traps away from the source were consistent with these not being attractive but traps near the shed walls caught greater numbers than expected.

scholarly journals Mobility of Stored Product Beetles after Exposure to a Combination Insecticide Containing Deltamethrin, Methoprene, and a Piperonyl Butoxide Synergist Depends on Species, Concentration, and Exposure Time

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
W. Robert Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Exposure Interval ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
The Relationship

Adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, were exposed for 1, 24, and 72 h on wheat treated with concentrations of 0% (untreated controls) to 100% of the proposed label rate of an experimental formulation of deltamethrin + Methoprene + piperonyl butoxide synergist. Movement and velocity of movement were assessed after each exposure time using a camera-based monitoring system (Ethovision®). Movement of R. dominica decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time, so that movement had virtually ceased at the 48 and 72 h exposures. Cryptolestes ferrugineus was less susceptible compared to R. dominica, but there was still a general pattern of decreased movement and velocity of movement with increasing concentration and exposure time. Sitophilus oryzae was the least susceptible species, with less differences at the 1 h exposure interval compared to the other two species, but after 24–72 h, the patterns of declining movement and velocity were apparent as the concentration increased. Data were analyzed using curve-fit equations to show the relationship between concentration and exposure time for each species. Results show that the Ethovison system can be used to assess the sub-lethal effects of exposure to grain protectant insecticides and elucidate behavioral variation between different stored product insects.

Control of Main Stored-Grain Insects with New Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Diatomaceous Earth Dusts

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub Ahmad Batta
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.

scholarly journals The influence of the type of storage on pest infestation of stored grain in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stejskal ◽  
J. Hubert ◽  
Z. Kučerová ◽  
Z. Munzbergová ◽  
J. Lukáš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Grain Stores ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamination of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species composition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europethat includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silo-stores (elevators) (VSS). A&nbsp;total of 147 grain stores located in&nbsp; Bohemia, CzechRepublicwas inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of three main taxonomic groups: mites (25 species, 120 000 individuals), psocids (8 species, 5 600 individuals) and beetles (23 species, 4 500 individuals). We found that VSS and HFS differ in species composition of mites, psocids and beetles. However, the primary grain pests (i.e. Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lachesilla pedicularia, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus) occurred in both types of stores. The only exception was higher frequency and abundance of two serious beetle-pests (Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius) in HFS than in VSS. The total numbers of mite and beetle species infesting VSS and HFS was almost the same. There was higher psocid species diversity in VSS than in HFS. The difference between the total (i.e. level of pest infestation per kg of grain sample) numbers of mite and psocid individuals collected from VSS and HFS was not significant. However, the total numbers of beetle-pest individuals collected from HFS was twice the amount collected from VSS. We concluded that both types of stores are equally risky in terms of mite and psocid infestation. HFS is more risky for grain storage than VSS in terms of beetle infestations, although even the VSS structures cannot be in no way called pest-safe. The VSS and HFS microclimatic conditions (humidity, temperature) are discussed in relation to mite, psocid and beetle infestation.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and identification of three stored grain pests based on mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abu Faiz Md Aslam ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Faria Farhana Rain ◽  
Sumita Rani Das ◽  
Ayesha Siddika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pests

Stored grain pests are discovered in food as immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. A DNA barcode dataset of some important pests that can be used for easy and confirm identification in stages of life is constructed. COI genes of three stored grain insect pests i.e,, Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Oryzaephilus surinamensis were sequenced. The sequenced genes were submitted to NCBI GenBank and obtained accession numbers MG967331.1, MG967332.1, MG967333.1 and MK041216.1. BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% homology with existing GenBank sequences. The nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the value of A+T (64.8%) is greater than G+C (35.2%). Genetic distance among four sequences of three store pests were ranged from 0.00293-0.32807. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these three species are originated from different clades. Haplotype analysis of mitochondrial COI gene of the stored grain insect pests showed high genetic diversity among them. C. chinensis, O. surinamensis and S. oryzae were separated from their common ancestor by 80, 73 and 64 mutational steps. These information may be helpful for attempting any successful control measures against the pest species. In conclusion, present author established the first DNA barcode dataset of three store grain pests and confirmed its efficiency for identifying these pests. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 1-11, 2019

scholarly journals Phosphine: an eco-friendly alternative for management of wheat storage insects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitra Arora ◽  
J. Stanley ◽  
C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide

ABSTRACTMethyl bromide (MB) fumigant has been phased out in many countries honouring ‘Montreal Protocol’. Reports on phosphine fumigant efficacy under different ecological zones in India are scanty. Field fumigation trials were conducted on 5 Metric Tons of wheat stacks per replication of a treatment for testing phosphine efficacy against laboratory cultured and resident population of Tribolium castanium, Sitophilus oryzae, and Rhyzopertha dominica. The trials were organized in triplicate including control at two locations with varying climate locations namely, Pithoragarh and Delhi using conventional 56% tablet (2 and 3 tablet/MT) and 77.5% granular (1.0 and 1.5 g phosphine/m3) formulations of Aluminium phosphide (AlP) for 7 and 10-days exposure periods for each dosage. Phosphine concentration was monitored every 24 hours till end of the exposure periods. Insect mortality of laboratory culture and resident infestation was observed as 100% in both the exposure periods using all dosages of phosphine. No emergence of insects was observed till 60 days after treatment at both the locations, indicating mortality of all available life stages of insects during the exposure periods. Minimum effective phosphine concentration for controlling all life stages of S. oryzae, R. dominica and T castaneum was observed 500-600 ppm for 7-days exposure at 25°-27°C and humidity 38-45%, at 1.5 g phosphine/m3. Hence, phosphine can be an effective alternative to methyl bromide fumigant for wheat stored grain insects at different climatic conditions.

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