Simulation of Adult Emergence for the Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Interaction of Environmental Temperature and Individual Developmental Rate Variation 1

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. Mellors ◽  
Robert G. Helgesen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer

BIONOMICS OF THE DAMSEL BUG, NABIS AMERICOFERUS CARAYON (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE), A PREDATOR OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Guppy
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer

AbstractThe damsel bug, Nobis americoferus Carayon, develops through two generations a year in eastern Ontario. In early fall, females of the second generation develop a reproductive diapause but both sexes continue to feed until freeze-up. Post-diapause development begins in late March. Eggs are deposited singly in plant stems but several may be laid in close proximity. In alfalfa, most eggs were found where stem diameter measured from 0.8 to 1.9 mm but height of oviposition site was not related to length of stem. Females reared at 23°C laid an average of 157 eggs during a 3-week oviposition period. The immature stages of the first generation occurred from mid-April to mid-July and those of the second generation from mid-July to early September. The duration of each stage of N. americoferus, fed pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), and held at four constant temperatures, 18, 23, 28, and 31°C, decreased with increasing temperature. There was a highly correlated linear relationship between rate of development and temperature for all stages. The theoretical temperature threshold for development of eggs was 11.1°C and that for the nymphal stage was 10.6°C; degree-day requirements for these stages were 123.5 and 370.4, respectively. Developmental rate of nymphs varied with host as well as temperature; nymphs fed larvae of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), developed significantly faster than those fed pea aphid.

scholarly journals Prey quantity affects development, survival and reproductive attributes of Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Mahadev Bista
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Aphid Prey ◽  
Coccinella Transversalis

This study assessed development, survival and reproductive parameters of a ladybird beetle, Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 on different quantities (viz. scarce, optimum and abundant) of the bean aphid prey, Aphis craccivora under laboratory conditions (27 ±1°C; 65 ±5% relative humidity and 14 light: 10 dark hours photoperiod). The pre-oviposition period was the shortest (6.40 ±0.40 days) on abundant prey and longest (9.20±0.49 days) on scarce prey. The oviposition period significantly increased with increasing prey quantity, being longest (55.10 ±1.75 days) on abundant prey and shortest (38.50 ±2.14 days) on scarce prey. Lifetime fecundity and egg viability were recorded the highest (1604.10 ±45.61 eggs and 90.82 ±0.80%, respectively) on abundant diet and lowest (794.60 ±30.84 eggs and 82.72 ±0.67%, respectively) on scarce diet. Reproductive rate, reproductive time ratio, longevity of male and female were all highest, i.e. 29.20 ±0.61 egg/day, 3.70 ±0.26, 65.80 ±1days and 70.30 ±1.30 days, respectively on abundant diet. These parameters were lowest, i.e. 20.90 ±0.83 eggs/day, 1.95 ±0.16, 58.80 ±1.60 days and 56.20 ±1.75 respectively on scarce diet. Development was fastest on abundant prey followed by optimum and slowest on scarce prey. Percentage pupation, percent adult emergence, developmental rate, growth index and generation survival were all highest, i.e. 84.00 ±3.68%, 79.00 ±4.09%, 0.077 ±0.00 day-1, 3.50 ±0.19 day-1, 0.54 ±0.05, respectively when larvae were reared on abundant prey. The same parameters were lowest, i.e. 65.00 ±04.79%, 57.00 ±4.99%, 0.062 ±0.001 day-1, 10.46 ±0.11 day-1, 0.25 ±0.0, respectively on scarce prey. It may therefore be concluded that the availability of abundant prey enhances developmental and reproductive parameters of C. transversalis, and abundant diet of aphid prey may be used for better mass culture of ladybird beetles in laboratories for augmentative biological control of aphids.

SURVIVAL OF ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), IN FIELD-CURING OF ALFALFA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred J. Alicandro ◽  
T. Michael Peters
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer ◽  
Agromyza Frontella

AbstractSimulated windrow experiments revealed that 32.0 ± 8.4% or 3rd-instar Agromyza frontella (Rondani) larvae completed development and formed puparia in alfalfa hay during field curing; 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae suffered almost complete mortality. Under a management schedule where first harvest was at 10% bloom, adult emergence was 45% higher from soil under windrowed hay than from soil under strips immediately raked. Development of A. frontella in hay being field-cured is discussed in relation to crop pest management and crop management options.

DEVELOPMENT OF HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON CAROLINA GERANIUM AND ARTIFICIAL DIET AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Roach ◽  
W. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The cotton bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was reared in environmental chambers on artificial diet and a wild host plant, Carolina geranium, Geranium carolinianum, L. at temperatures from 15.5 to 35°C. All above-ground plant parts were used by the larvae, and fruiting structures were not necessary for development to the pupal stage. Bollworms developed on plant bouquets at a rate very similar to that achieved on artificial diet but pupal weight, percent pupation, and percent adult emergence were lower in pupae produced on plant bouquets. Developmental rate parameters estimated for the combined data closely resemble previously published reports in the literature.

scholarly journals A SIMULATION MODEL OF HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) DEVELOPMENT IN POULTRY MANURE

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Lysyk ◽  
R.C. Axtell
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Empirical Correction ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractDevelopmental times were determined at constant temperatures for egg–larval (prepupal) and egg–larval–adult (preadult) house flies in poultry manure. Developmental time decreased as temperature increased but declined at temperatures above 35°C. The average time from oviposition to pupation ranged from 26.8 days at 16°C to 5.2 days at 35°C, and the average time to adult emergence ranged from 43.1 to 8.8 days. Pupae were formed at 41°C, but no adults emerged above 38°C. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature was determined and used in a rate summation model to simulate prepupal and preadult developmental times in poultry manure, with manure bed temperature as input. The model was tested on the basis of developmental times determined in a poultry house during the fly-breeding season. The observed mean time to pupation under field temperatures ranged from 6.7 to 15.6 days, and adult emergence required from 12.5 to 27.1 days. Simulations were closest to the observed times when actual manure bed temperatures were used as input; however, soil temperatures obtained from a nearby weather station also provided satisfactory simulation results after an empirical correction was used.

EFFECTS OF REMOVING THE PLANT CANOPY ON PUPAL SURVIVAL AND ADULT EMERGENCE OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Therrien ◽  
Jeremy McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Early Removal ◽  
Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer ◽  
Agromyza Frontella

AbstractEarly removal of the alfalfa canopy not only reduced the population density of Agromyza frontella (Rond.) by the elimination of partially developed larvae, but also by increasing mortality of individuals that had already evacuated their mines. This mortality was associated with increased temperatures and/or decreased humidity of the soil, as most pupae are found close to the surface due to the limited burrowing capacity of prepupae. Harvesting data should be included in predictive models, as this parameter affects both the number and time of adult emergence.

Effect of temperature on the development of the aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Bayoh ◽  
S.W. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractGlobal warming may affect the future pattern of many arthropod-borne diseases, yet the relationship between temperature and development has been poorly described for many key vectors. Here the development of the aquatic stages of Africa's principal malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles, is described at different temperatures. Development time from egg to adult was measured under laboratory conditions at constant temperatures between 10 and 40°C. Rate of development from one immature stage to the next increased at higher temperatures to a peak around 28°C and then declined. Adult development rate was greatest between 28 and 32°C, although adult emergence was highest between 22 and 26°C. No adults emerged below 18°C or above 34°C. Non-linear models were used to describe the relationship between developmental rate and temperature, which could be used for developing process-based models of malaria transmission. The utility of these findings is demonstrated by showing that a map where the climate is suitable for the development of aquatic stages of A. gambiae s.s. corresponded closely with the best map of malaria risk currently available for Africa.

scholarly journals Radiation Disinfestation of Honeybee Combs Infested with Greater Wax Moth Eggs

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Wax Moth

AbstractThe sensitivity of different developmental stages of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) eggs to gamma irradiation was examined. Eggs, 25 to 144 h-old, were exposed at 48 h intervals to gamma radiation dosages (50 to 400 Gy), and the effects on egg hatch, pupation and adult emergence were investigated. The developmental rate of irradiated-egg larvae and pupae to adult stage was also studied. Results showed that the irradiation sensitivity of G. mellonella eggs decreased with increased age of the eggs when irradiated. In 25–48 h-old eggs, 50 Gy dose significantly reduced egg hatch and at 200 Gy dose no egg hatch was observed. Eggs 73–96 h-old were slightly more tolerant to irradiation treatment; hatching completely ceased at 250 Gy dose. Sensitivity to gamma irradiation reached its lowest level however when 121–144 h-old eggs (few h. before egg hatch) were irradiated. 350 Gy dose reduced egg hatch to about 3%, and at 400 Gy no egg hatch was noted. Survival to the adult stage was also negatively affected. At the most radio-tolerant stage (121–144 h-old), 100 Gy dose significantly reduced larval survival to the adult stage and 300 Gy completely prevented it. The development rate of larvae and pupae resulting from irradiated eggs was also negatively affected.

scholarly journals Variación de la velocidad y la frecuencia cardiaca durante un maratón en un ambiente caluroso

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e37602
Author(s):  
Daniel Rojas-Valverde ◽  
Braulio Sánchez-Ureña ◽  
Alexis Ugalde-Ramírez ◽  
Carlos D Gómez-Carmona ◽  
José Pino-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Heart Rate Variation ◽  
Speed Variation ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study was to analyze the variation of running speed and heart rate in amateur runners during a marathon in a hot environment. Eighteen runners (weight: 65.2 ± 12.21 kg, height: 168.4 ± 10.6 cm, VO2max: 52.9 ± 7.1 ml/kg/min) took part of a beach-side marathon (42195 m) under a temperature of 27.8 ± 3.52 ºC and at 0-80 m altitude. Pearson’s correlation showed a significant linear relationship between the increase in thermal stress index (WGBT) and the speed variation (r= 0.168, p= 0.049). In this respect, the total duration of the race revealed a direct relationship with speed (r= 0.675, p= 0.003) and heart rate (r= 0.631, p= 0.007) variation. Multiple regressions analysis showed that 61.6% of the final race time was explained by the speed variation in the 26 to 30 km course section (r2= 0.61; F= 26.17; p< 0.001) and 37% by the heart rate variation in the 31 to 35 km section (r2= 0.37; F= 10.38; p< 0.001). In conclusion, an increase in the environmental temperature provoked a decrease in running pacing, with a stronger effect in the second half of the race. Therefore, coaches should take these aspects into account in training and strategies to mitigate the impact of these conditions on the physical and physiological performance of amateur runners.

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