scholarly journals Antioxidant Potential ofMomordica Charantiain Ammonium Chloride-Induced Hyperammonemic Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Justin Thenmozhi ◽  
P. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Markers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential ofMomordica charantiafruit extract (MCE) in ammonium chloride-induced (AC) hyperammonemic rats. Experimental hyperammonemia was induced in adult male Wistar rats (180–200 g) by intraperitoneal injections of ammonium chloride (100 mg kg−1body weight) thrice a week. The effect of oral administration (thrice a week for 8 consecutive weeks) of MCE (300 mg kg−1body weight) on blood ammonia, plasma urea, serum liver marker enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers in normal and experimental animals was analyzed. Hyperammonemic rats showed a significant increase in the activities of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides and liver markers (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), and the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione were decreased in the liver and brain tissues. Treatment with MCE normalized the above-mentioned changes in hyperammonemic rats by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during AC-induced hyperammonemia, and offered protection against hyperammonemia. Our results indicate that MCE exerting the antioxidant potentials and maintaining the cellular integrity of the liver tissue could offer protection against AC-induced hyperammonemia. However, the exact underlying mechanism is yet to be investigated, and examination of the efficacy of the active constituents of theM. charantiaon hyperammonemia is desirable.

scholarly journals Effect ofWithania SomniferaRoot Powder on the Levels of Circulatory Lipid Peroxidation and Liver Marker Enzymes in Chronic Hyperammonemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 872-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Harikrishnan ◽  
P. Subramanian ◽  
S. Subash
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Liver Marker Enzymes ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
Liver Markers

Withania somnifera(L) Dunal (Solanaceae), commonly called Ashwagandha (Sanskrit) is an Ayurvedic Indian medicinal plant, which has been widely used as a home remedy for several ailments. We have investigated the influence ofW.somniferaroot powder on the levels of circulatory ammonia, urea, lipid peroxidation products such as TBARS (thiobarbituric acid and reactive substances), HP (hydroperoxides) and liver marker enzymes such as AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine transaminase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase), for its hepatoprotective effect in ammonium chloride induced hyperammonemia. Ammonium chloride treated rats showed a significant increase in the levels of circulatory ammonia, urea, AST, ALT, ALP, TBARS and HP. These changes were significantly decreased in rats treated withW.somniferaroot powder and ammonium chloride. Our results indicate thatW.somniferaoffers hepatoprotection by influencing the levels of lipid peroxidation products and liver markers in experimental hyperammonemia and this could be due to (i) the presence of alkaloids, withanolids and flavonoids, (ii) normalizing the levels of urea and urea related compounds, (iii) its free radical scavenging property and (iv) its antioxidant property. The exact underlying mechanism is still unclear and further research needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Simarouba glauca DC (Simaroubaceae) on Lipoprotein Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Sammydavies E. Osagie-Eweka ◽  
Noghayin J. Orhue ◽  
Eric I. Omogbai
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Simarouba Glauca ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background and Purpose: Simarouba glauca is widely reported to contain a number of biologically active compounds with potentials in the treatment of numerous diseases. The study was conducted to evaluate the sub-acute effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca (AESG) on lipoproteins and oxidative stress biomarkers in male Wistar rats. Methods: Oral administration of AESG was carried out in line with the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), No. 425 using a total of 24 male Wistar rats allotted to four groups (n=6); given distilled water, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day of AESG respectively for 30 days. Results: In plasma, there was a significant reduction (P?0.05) in HDL-cholesterol; elevated (P?0.05) triglycerides (TG) at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day; elevated (P?0.05), and LDL-cholesterol at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, relative to the control. While the level of liver total cholesterol (TC) reduced significantly, it increased in the heart. Catalase (CAT) activity in the liver increased significantly (P?0.05) at all doses. The dose of 1000 mg/kg/day significantly (P?0.05) elevated kidney CAT activity. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and heart reduced (P?0.05) at 500 mg/kg/day. At all doses, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma, liver and heart were comparable with the control. Although, there were no significant changes in plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity at all doses, animals given 500 mg/kg had reduction (P?0.05) in the heart GSH-PX activity compared to the control. Conclusion: Oral sub-acute AESG at high doses altered lipid homeostasis in plasma and heart without lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress. The extract has the potential to cause hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Choline and Cystine Deficient Diets in Animal Models with Hepatocellular Injury: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Expression of RAGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Célia F. Santos ◽  
Orlando R. P. de Araújo ◽  
Iara B. Valentim ◽  
Kívia Queiroz de Andrade ◽  
Fabiana Andréa Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

This study aims to evaluate the effects of diets deficient in choline and/or cystine on hepatocellular injury in animal models (young male Wistar rats, aged 21 days), by monitoring some of the oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of RAGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n=10) and submitted to different diets over 30 days: AIN-93 diet (standard, St), AIN-93 choline deficient (CD) diet and AIN-93 choline and cystine deficient (CCD) diet, in the pellet (pl) and powder (pw) diet forms. Independently of the diet form, AIN-93 diet already led to hepatic steatosis and CD/CCD diets provoked hepatic damage. The increase of lipid peroxidation, represented by the evaluation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, associated with the decrease of levels of antioxidant enzymes, were the parameters with higher significance toward redox profile in this model of hepatic injury. Regarding inflammation, in relation to TNF-α, higher levels were evidenced inCD(pl), while, for IL-1β, no significant alteration was detected. RAGE expression was practically the same in all groups, with exception ofCCD(pw)versusCCD(pl). These results together confirm that AIN-93 causes hepatic steatosis and choline and/or cysteine deficiencies produce important hepatic injury associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory profiles.

scholarly journals Coadministration of lithium and celecoxib reverses manic-like behavior and decreases oxidative stress in a dopaminergic model of mania induced in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira S. Valvassori ◽  
Paula T. Tonin ◽  
Gustavo C. Dal-Pont ◽  
Roger B. Varela ◽  
José Henrique Cararo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cerebral Structures ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract The present study intends to investigate the effect of lithium (Li) and celecoxib (Cel) coadministration on the behavioral status and oxidative stress parameters in a rat model of mania induced by dextroamphetamine (d-AMPH). Male Wistar rats were treated with d-AMPH or saline (Sal) for 14 days; on the 8th day of treatment, rats received lithium (Li), celecoxib (Cel), Li plus Cel, or water until day 14. Levels of oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the serum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. d-AMPH administration induced hyperlocomotion in rats, which was significantly reversed by Li and Cel coadministration. In addition, d-AMPH administration induced damage to proteins and lipids in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. All these impairments were reversed by treatment with Li and/or Cel, in a way dependent on cerebral area and biochemical analysis. Li and Cel coadministration reversed the d-AMPH-induced decrease in catalase activity in cerebral structures. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was decreased in the frontal cortex of animals receiving d-AMPH, and treatment with Li, Cel, or a combination thereof reversed this alteration in this structure. Overall, data indicate hyperlocomotion and alteration in oxidative stress biomarkers in the cerebral structures of rats receiving d-AMPH. Li and Cel coadministration can mitigate these modifications, comprising a potential novel approach for BD therapy.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Nephropathy using Polyphenol-rich Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) Leaves in Rat Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian E. Imafidon ◽  
Rufus O. Akomolafe ◽  
Sanusi A. Abubakar ◽  
Oluwadare J. Ogundipe ◽  
Olaoluwa S. Olukiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively.RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in the kidney tissue of the rats. With marked improvements in renal histoarchitecture, PEVA treatment showed a duration and non dose-dependent ameliorative potential. CONCLUSION: PEVA treatment reversed the compromise of renal function that was induced by Cd toxicity in rat model.

scholarly journals Effect ofGymnema montanumLeaves on Serum and Tissue Lipids in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ananthan ◽  
M. Latha ◽  
K. M. Ramkumar ◽  
L. Pari ◽  
C. Baskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Future Therapy

The effect ofGymnema montanumleaves on alloxaninduced hyperlipidemia was studied in male Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract ofG. montanumleaves was administered orally and different doses of the extract on blood glucose, serum and tissue lipids, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides, and glutathione in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were studied.G. montanumleaf extract (GLEt) at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks suppressed the elevated blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. GLEt at 200 mg/kg body weight was found to be comparable to glibenclamide, a reference drug. These data indicate thatG. montanumrepresents an effective antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source of discovery of new orally active agent for future therapy.

scholarly journals Assessment of combined toxic effects of potassium bromateand sodium nitrite in some key renal markers in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
O.O. Adewale ◽  
K.H. Aremu ◽  
A.T. Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Renal Markers ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: Potential combined nephrotoxic effect following simultaneous administration of two food additives: potassium bromate (PBR) (20 mg/kg of body weight, twice weekly) and sodium nitrite (SNT) (60mg/kg of body weight as a single dose) orally was investigated. Methods: Nephrotoxicity was assessed by determining urea, creatinine and electrolyte concentrations in the serum. In addition, concentrations of nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, total thiol, malondialdehyde and activities of arginase, adenosine deaminase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione perioxidase in the kidney were investigated. Results: The results revealed that individual exposure to PBR or SNT significantly induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats however, this was enhanced by co-exposure as evidenced by significant alteration in these kidney markers when compared with the control. Conclusion: This study accentuates the risk of enhanced nephrotoxicity in food containing both additives. Key words: Potassium bromate, sodium nitrite, renal markers.

Efficient Route for Synthesis of Enamines from 1,3-Alkyl-2-Thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione Enols

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 538-540
Author(s):  
Anamika Sharma ◽  
Zainab M. Almarhoon ◽  
Ayman El-Faham ◽  
Beatriz G. de la Torre ◽  
Fernando Albericio
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Acid ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Here we report a greener approach for the synthesis of enamines from enols of 1,3-alkyl-2- thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (thiobarbituric acid) acid using ammonium chloride and ethanol as solvents. This protocol removes the need for catalysts or harsh conditions.

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