Length of the human esophagus in vivo during manometric studies

1993 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Manometric Studies ◽  
Human Esophagus

Esophageal manometry in the opossum.

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. E152
Author(s):  
K Schulze ◽  
W J Dodds ◽  
J Christensen ◽  
J D Wood
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Manometry ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Coronal Section ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Human Esophagus

The opossum esophagus is commonly used as an animal model of the human esophagus. We used esophageal manometry in normal animals to provide basal data about normal esophageal motor functions in vivo in this species. At rest, separate and distinct high pressure zones can be recorded at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragmatic hiatus, aortic arch, and upper esophageal sphincter. Each zone demonstrates a characteristic pattern of pressures in the radii of the coronal section and a characteristic response to swallowing. The hiatal and aortic zones can be mistaken for the esophageal sphincters. Pressures in the sphincters fall with swallowing. Peristalsis is not bolus-dependent and occurs with 98% of swallows. Pressures generated by peristalsis are greater in the middle of the esophagus than at the ends. Values for resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure and the characteristics of peristalsis were reproducible between different studies in the same animals.

Large-area spectrally encoded confocal endomicroscopy of the human esophagus in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongkyun Kang ◽  
Simon C. Schlachter ◽  
Robert W. Carruth ◽  
Minkyu Kim ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Area ◽  
Confocal Endomicroscopy ◽  
Spectrally Encoded ◽  
Human Esophagus

In Vivo 3D Comprehensive Microscopy of the Human Esophagus for the Management of Barrett's Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. AB99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Suter ◽  
Patrick S. Yachimski ◽  
Benjamin J. Vakoc ◽  
Milen Shishkov ◽  
Brett E. Bouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Esophagus

In vivo bicarbonate secretion by human esophagus

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1174-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Lee Meyers ◽  
Roy C. Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Bicarbonate Secretion ◽  
Human Esophagus

A novel ultrasound technique to study the biomechanics of the human esophagus in vivo

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. G785-G793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torahiko Takeda ◽  
Ghassan Kassab ◽  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
James L. Puckett ◽  
Rishi R. Mittal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circumferential Stress ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Esophageal Wall ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Human Esophagus

The objectives of this study were to validate a novel ultrasound technique and to use it to study the circumferential stress-strain properties of the human esophagus in vivo. A manometric catheter equipped with a high-compliance bag and a high-frequency intraluminal ultrasonography probe was used to record esophageal pressure and images. Validation studies were performed in vitro followed by in vivo studies in healthy human subjects. Esophageal distensions were performed with either an isovolumic (5–20 ml of water) or with an isobaric (10–60 mmHg) technique. Sustained distension was also performed for 3 min in each subject. The circumferential wall stress and strain were calculated. In vitro studies indicate that the ultrasound technique can make measurements of the esophageal wall with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The in vivo studies provide the necessary data to compute the Kirchhoff's stress, Green's strain, and Young's elastic modulus during esophageal distensions. The stress-strain relationship revealed a linear shape, the slope of which corresponds to the Young's modulus. During sustained distensions, we found dynamic changes of stress and strain during the period of distension. We describe and validate a novel ultrasound technique that allows measurement of biomechanical properties of the esophagus in vivo in humans.

scholarly journals In vitro models of the human esophagus reveal ancestrally diverse response to injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daysha Ferrer-Torres ◽  
Joshua H Wu ◽  
Charles J Zhang ◽  
Max A Hammer ◽  
Michael K Dame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Human Esophagus

European Americans (EA) are more susceptible to esophageal tissue damage and inflammation when exposed to gastric acid and bile acid reflux and have a higher incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma when compared to African Americans (AA). Population studies have implicated specific genes for these differences; however, the underlying cause for these differences is not well understood. We describe a robust long-term culture system to grow primary human esophagus in vitro, use single cell RNA sequencing to compare primary human biopsies to their in vitro counterparts, identify known and new molecular markers of basal cell types, and demonstrate that in vivo cellular heterogeneity is maintained in vitro. We further developed an ancestrally diverse biobank and a high-content, image based, screening assay to interrogate bile-acid injury response. These results demonstrated that AA esophageal cells responded significantly differently than EA-derived cells, mirroring clinical findings, having important implications for addressing disparities in early drug development pipelines.

Distension-related responses in circular and longitudinal muscle of the human esophagus: an ultrasonographic study

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. G805-G811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Yamamoto ◽  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
Terrence K. Smith ◽  
Ravinder K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Human Esophagus ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

Both circular muscles (CM) and longitudinal muscles (LM) of the esophagus participate in peristalsis. Various measurement techniques have yielded conflicting information as to the temporal correlation between contraction in the two muscle layers. High-frequency intraluminal ultrasound (HFIUS) is a novel technique to detect contraction of LM and CM of the esophagus. We investigated the temporal correlation between the CM and LM contraction during ascending excitatory and descending inhibitory reflexes using HFIUS. A manometric catheter equipped with two balloons and a 12.5-MHz ultrasound transducer catheter was used to study 10 normal healthy subjects. The changes in muscle thickness and pressure, proximal and distal to esophageal distension, were recorded at 5 and 10 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The esophageal distension induced an increase in pressure and an increase in muscle thickness of both CM and LM layers proximal to the distension site. The onset of increase in muscle thickness and peak muscle thickness in two layers occurred at the same time. There was a close temporal correlation between the changes in pressure and changes in muscle thickness. Atropine inhibited the distension-related pressure and muscle thickness increase in both layers. Distal to the esophageal distension, there was no change in pressure but a decrease in the thickness of the two muscle layers. The decrease in muscle thickness of the two layers occurred at the same time. The responses of the two muscle layers to distension were similar at 5- and 10-cm sites above the LES. HFIUS is a relatively noninvasive technique to study the LM layer response during peristalsis in vivo. Our data indicate that the two muscle layers may contract and relax together during distension-related peristaltic reflexes in the esophagus.

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