scholarly journals WellExplorer: an integrative resource linking hydraulic fracturing chemicals with hormonal pathways and geographic location

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Wetherbee ◽  
Jessica R Meeker ◽  
Caroline DeVoto ◽  
Trevor M Penning ◽  
Jason H Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Hormonal Exposures ◽  
Zip Code

Abstract Exposure to hydraulic fracturing fluid in drinking water increases the risk of many adverse health outcomes. Unfortunately, most individuals and researchers are unaware of the health risks posed by a particular well due to the diversity of chemical ingredients used across sites. We constructed WellExplorer (http://WellExplorer.org), an interactive tool for researchers and community members to use for retrieving information regarding the hormonal, testosterone and estrogen modulators located at each well. We found that wells in Alabama use a disproportionately high number of ingredients targeting estrogen pathways, while Illinois, Ohio and Pennsylvania use a disproportionately high number of ingredients targeting testosterone pathways. Researchers can utilize WellExplorer to study health outcomes related to exposure to fracturing chemicals in their population-based cohorts. Community members can use this resource to search their home or work locations (e.g. town or zip code) to determine proximity between where they live or work and specific hormonal exposures.

Pesticide Contaminated Drinking Water and Health Effects on Pregnant Women and Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan ◽  
Anuradha Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Women And Children

In the recent years, pesticide research and regulatory efforts have focused on the prevention of acute health effects from pesticide poisonings and pesticide residues on foods, but more attention is being given to the deleterious chronic health effects. Children and pregnant women's exposure to contaminated water in particular are at high risk for subsequent adverse health outcomes. The chapter summaries the health effects of water contamination.

Problematising Poisons: Embodied Knowledge and Environmental Health Risks

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Prue Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Body ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Embodied Knowledge ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine

Contemporary policy responses to environmental risk increasingly endorse the need for community participation in decision making around these issues. It is suggested that this process requires a greater understanding of the social construction of environmental risk which legitimises the knowledges and experiences of community members. Environmental health risks are most commonly framed within the discourses of science and epidemiology. These scientific knowledges construct particular meanings around the risks associated with environmental issues. The 'objective and value-free' context of mechanisms, such as laboratory tests, defining safety levels and population based statistical data, locates the meanings of risk within a depersonalised and fundamentally disembodied framework. It is argued that this marginalises and disempowers the meanings, values and everyday practices through which people negotiate risks in their lives. Work in progress which examines the ways people construct meanings about the environmental health risks to which they are exposed is discussed using the case of the herbicide atrazine in Tasmania, Australia. The paper draws on data from in-depth interviews with key individuals concerned about the contamination of drinking water by this herbicide. A central theme in this analysis is the concept of embodied knowledge in the construction of meanings. The argument that the body at risk is a key site of contestation in environmental health debates is developed. This conceptualisation increases the space for community engagement and action in public policy outcomes.

Potential Adverse Health Outcomes of Digital Textbook Use: Teachers’ Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
GyeongAe Seomun ◽  
Youngjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Digital Textbook ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background and Purpose:The digital textbook (DT) is an appealing new educational medium. The positive effects of DT use include stimulation of interest in learning and stimulation of motivation to learn. Few studies have examined the awareness of classroom-based educational experts about the adverse health outcomes of DT use. The objective of this study was to understand the perspectives of elementary schoolteachers regarding the effects of DT use on students’ health.Methods:The recommended method of focus group discussions was used to clarify teachers’ individual and shared views about this topic. The study design included three discussions with three different groups of teachers.Results:The results indicated that the critical health issues identified by the schoolteachers were potential risks to physical health, risks to psychological health, and environmental health risks in the classroom.Implications for Practice:Awareness and evaluation of adverse health effects for DT users is an important first step for effective DT implementation in our schools. This study provided fundamental data and results that can be used to understand the effects of DT use on student health and to suggest guidelines to predict and prevent adverse health effects in the users of this technology.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Catarina Luís ◽  
Manuel Algarra ◽  
José S. Câmara ◽  
Rosa Perestrelo
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Carcinogen Exposure ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children’s toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.

scholarly journals Adverse Reproductive and Developmental Health Outcomes Following Prenatal Exposure to a Hydraulic Fracturing Chemical Mixture in Female C57Bl/6 Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 3469-3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Kassotis ◽  
John J. Bromfield ◽  
Kara C. Klemp ◽  
Chun-Xia Meng ◽  
Andrew Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas

Unconventional oil and gas operations using hydraulic fracturing can contaminate surface and groundwater with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We have previously shown that 23 of 24 commonly used hydraulic fracturing chemicals can activate or inhibit the estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and/or thyroid receptors in a human endometrial cancer cell reporter gene assay and that mixtures can behave synergistically, additively, or antagonistically on these receptors. In the current study, pregnant female C57Bl/6 dams were exposed to a mixture of 23 commonly used unconventional oil and gas chemicals at approximately 3, 30, 300, and 3000 μg/kg·d, flutamide at 50 mg/kg·d, or a 0.2% ethanol control vehicle via their drinking water from gestational day 11 through birth. This prenatal exposure to oil and gas operation chemicals suppressed pituitary hormone concentrations across experimental groups (prolactin, LH, FSH, and others), increased body weights, altered uterine and ovary weights, increased heart weights and collagen deposition, disrupted folliculogenesis, and other adverse health effects. This work suggests potential adverse developmental and reproductive health outcomes in humans and animals exposed to these oil and gas operation chemicals, with adverse outcomes observed even in the lowest dose group tested, equivalent to concentrations reported in drinking water sources. These endpoints suggest potential impacts on fertility, as previously observed in the male siblings, which require careful assessment in future studies.

scholarly journals Strategy to reduce adverse health outcomes in subjects highly vulnerable to COVID-19: results from a population-based study in Northern Italy

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e046044
Author(s):  
Antonio Giampiero Russo ◽  
Marino Faccini ◽  
Walter Bergamaschi ◽  
Antonio Riussi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Overall Mortality

ObjectivesThis study describes a new strategy to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on the elderly and other clinically vulnerable subjects, where general practitioners (GPs) play an active role in managing high-risk patients, reducing adverse health outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPopulation-based study including subjects resident in the province of Milan and Lodi.Participants127 735 residents older than 70 years, with specific chronic conditions.InterventionsWe developed a predictive algorithm for overall mortality risk based on demographic and clinical characteristics. All residents older than 70 years were classified as being at low or high risk of death from COVID-19 infection according to the algorithm. The high-risk group was assigned to their GPs for telephone triage and consultation. The high-risk cohort was divided into two groups based on GP intervention: patients who were not contacted and patients who were contacted by their GPs.Outcome measuresOverall mortality, COVID-19 morbidity and hospitalisation.ResultsPatients with increased risk of death from COVID-19 were 127 735; 495 669 patients were not at high risk and were not included in the intervention. Out of the high-risk subjects, 79 110 were included but not contacted by their GPs, while 48 625 high-risk subjects were included and contacted. Overall mortality, morbidity and hospitalisation was higher in high-risk patients compared with low-risk populations. High-risk patients contacted by their GPs had a 50% risk reduction in COVID-19 mortality, and a 70% risk reduction in morbidity and hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with non-contacted patients.ConclusionsThe study showed that, during the COVID-19 outbreak, involvement of GPs and changes in care management of high-risk groups produced a significant reduction in all adverse health outcomes.

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