scholarly journals Reduced immune function predicts disease susceptibility in frogs infected with a deadly fungal pathogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. cow011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Savage ◽  
Kimberly A. Terrell ◽  
Brian Gratwicke ◽  
Nichole M. Mattheus ◽  
Lauren Augustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Susceptibility

scholarly journals Isolation of New Arabidopsis Mutants With Enhanced Disease Susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae by Direct Screening

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-548
Author(s):  
Sigrid M Volko ◽  
Thomas Boller ◽  
Frederick M Ausubel
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants ◽  
Pathogen Response

Abstract To identify plant defense components that are important in restricting the growth of virulent pathogens, we screened for Arabidopsis mutants in the accession Columbia (carrying the transgene BGL2-GUS) that display enhanced disease susceptibility to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) ES4326. Among six (out of a total of 11 isolated) enhanced disease susceptibility (eds) mutants that were studied in detail, we identified one allele of the previously described npr1/nim1/sai1 mutation, which is affected in mounting a systemic acquired resistance response, one allele of the previously identified EDS5 gene, and four EDS genes that have not been previously described. The six eds mutants studied in detail (npr1-4, eds5-2, eds10-1, eds11-1, eds12-1, and eds13-1) displayed different patterns of enhanced susceptibility to a variety of phytopathogenic bacteria and to the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii, suggesting that particular EDS genes have pathogen-specific roles in conferring resistance. All six eds mutants retained the ability to mount a hypersensitive response and to restrict the growth of the avirulent strain Psm ES4326/avrRpt2. With the exception of npr1-4, the mutants were able to initiate a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response, although enhanced growth of Psm ES4326 was still detectable in leaves of SAR-induced plants. The data presented here indicate that eds genes define a variety of components involved in limiting pathogen growth, that many additional EDS genes remain to be discovered, and that direct screens for mutants with altered susceptibility to pathogens are helpful in the dissection of complex pathogen response pathways in plants.

scholarly journals Evolution of pathogen response genes associated with increased disease susceptibility during adaptation to an extreme drought in a Brassica rapa plant population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Breda O'Hara ◽  
Steven J Franks ◽  
Nolan C Kane ◽  
Silas Tittes ◽  
Joshua S Rest
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Pathogen Response

Abstract BACKGROUND Pathogens are key components in natural and agricultural plant systems. There is evidence of evolutionary changes in disease susceptibility as a consequence of climate change, but we know little about the underlying genetic basis of this evolution. To address this, we took advantage of a historical seed collection of a Brassica rapa population, which we previously demonstrated evolved an increase in disease susceptibility to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen following a drought. RESULTS Previously, we combined a resurrection experiment with genome-wide sequencing of 124 pooled ancestral and descendant plants. Here, using these previously generated sequence data (Franks et al, 2016), we show that well-characterized necrotrophic fungal pathogen response (NFPR) genes have evolved, as indicated by changes in allele frequency, between ancestors and descendants, with several of them identified as extreme FST outliers. The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in particular seems to underlie the evolution of disease susceptibility, in addition to its well characterized role in plastic disease response. We identify a list of 260 genes that are both NFPR genes and are differentially expressed in response to drought, based on publicly available data. We present evidence that five of these genes evolved between ancestors and descendants, suggesting that the drought acted as the evolutionary driver, and that the accompanying increase in disease susceptibility may have been a consequence of genetic pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that for this population, standing variation in NFPR genes is affected by natural selection related to climate change. Our results reveal potentially important candidates that may underlie trait evolution in both crops and natural systems. Additionally, this trade-off between adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is an example of how climate change can have diverse and unexpected consequences.

scholarly journals Evolution of pathogen response genes associated with increased disease susceptibility during adaptation to an extreme drought in a Brassica rapa plant population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh B. O’Hara ◽  
Steven J. Franks ◽  
Nolan C. Kane ◽  
Silas Tittes ◽  
Joshua S. Rest
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Pathogen Response

Abstract Background Pathogens are key components in natural and agricultural plant systems. There is evidence of evolutionary changes in disease susceptibility as a consequence of climate change, but we know little about the underlying genetic basis of this evolution. To address this, we took advantage of a historical seed collection of a Brassica rapa population, which we previously demonstrated evolved an increase in disease susceptibility to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen following a drought. Results Previously, we combined a resurrection experiment with genome-wide sequencing of 124 pooled ancestral and descendant plants. Here, using these previously generated sequence data (Franks et al. in Mol Ecol 25(15):3622–3631, 2016), we show that well-characterized necrotrophic fungal pathogen response (NFPR) genes have evolved, as indicated by changes in allele frequency, between ancestors and descendants, with several of them identified as extreme FST outliers. The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in particular seems to underlie the evolution of disease susceptibility, in addition to its well characterized role in plastic disease response. We identify a list of 260 genes that are both NFPR genes and are differentially expressed in response to drought, based on publicly available data. We present evidence that five of these genes evolved between ancestors and descendants, suggesting that the drought acted as the evolutionary driver, and that the accompanying increase in disease susceptibility may have been a consequence of genetic pleiotropy. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that for this population, standing variation in NFPR genes is affected by natural selection related to climate change. Our results reveal potentially important candidates that may underlie trait evolution in both crops and natural systems. Additionally, this trade-off between adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is an example of how climate change can have diverse and unexpected consequences.

Larval exposure to predator cues alters immune function and response to a fungal pathogen in post-metamorphic wood frogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya L. Groner ◽  
Julia C. Buck ◽  
Stephanie Gervasi ◽  
Andrew R. Blaustein ◽  
Laura K. Reinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Predator Cues

scholarly journals Evolution of pathogen response genes associated with increased disease susceptibility during adaptation to an extreme drought in a Brassica rapa plant population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Breda O'Hara ◽  
Steven J Franks ◽  
Nolan C Kane ◽  
Silas Tittes ◽  
Joshua S Rest
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Pathogen Response

Abstract Pathogens have dramatic effects in natural and agricultural plant systems. There is evidence of evolutionary changes in disease susceptibility as a consequence of climate change, but we know little about the underlying genetic basis of this evolution. To address this, we took advantage of a historical seed collection of a Brassica rapa population, which we previously demonstrated evolved an increase in disease susceptibility to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen following a drought. Previously, we combined a resurrection experiment with genome-wide sequencing of 124 pooled ancestral and descendant plants. In this study, we found that well-characterized necrotrophic fungal pathogen response (NFPR) genes were differentiated between ancestors and descendants, with several of them identified as extreme F ST outliers. The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in particular seemed to underlie the evolution of disease susceptibility, in addition to its well characterized role in plastic disease response. Next, we identified a list of 260 genes that are both NFPR genes and are differentially expressed in response to drought, based on publicly available data. We found evidence that five of these genes evolved between ancestors and descendants, suggesting that the drought acted as the evolutionary driver, and that the accompanying increase in disease susceptibility may have been a consequence of genetic pleiotropy. Our study provides evidence that for this population, standing natural variation in NFPR genes is affected by natural selection related to climate change. Our results reveal potentially important candidates that may underlie trait evolution in both crops and natural systems. Additionally, this trade-off between adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is an example of how climate change can have diverse and unexpected consequences.

scholarly journals Allergic disease: understanding how in utero events set the scene

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
In Pregnancy

Events and exposures in pregnancy can have critical effects on fetal development with lasting implications for subsequent health and disease susceptibility. There is growing interest in how modern environmental changes influence fetal immune development and contribute to the recent epidemic of allergy and other immune disorders. Rising rates of allergic disease in early infancy, together with pre-symptomatic differences in immune function at birth, suggest that antenatal events play a predisposing role in the development of disease. A number of environmental exposures in pregnancy can modify neonatal immune function including diet, microbial exposure and maternal smoking, and there is emerging evidence from animal models that these factors may have epigenetic effects on immune gene expression and disease susceptibility. Furthermore, functional genetic polymorphisms also alter individual vulnerability to the effects of these environmental exposures, highlighting the complexity of gene–environmental interactions in this period. All these observations underscore the need for ongoing research to understand the pathogenesis and rising incidence of disease in the hope of better strategies to reverse this.

A protein kinase‐major sperm protein gene hijacked by a necrotrophic fungal pathogen triggers disease susceptibility in wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengcui Zhang ◽  
Katherine L.D. Running ◽  
Sudeshi Seneviratne ◽  
Amanda R. Peters Haugrud ◽  
Agnes Szabo‐Hever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Major Sperm Protein ◽  
Sperm Protein

scholarly journals Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on physiology, immune function and survival is dependent on temperature: implications for amphibian declines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas U Lundsgaard ◽  
Rebecca L Cramp ◽  
Craig E Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Amphibian Declines ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Abstract Multiple environmental changes are thought to be contributing to the widespread decline of amphibians in montane regions, but interactions between drivers of decline are not well understood. It has been proposed previously that elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UBVR) and low temperatures may interact in their negative effects on health, immune function and disease susceptibility in exposed amphibians. In the present study, we chronically exposed larvae of the striped-marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) to a factorial combination of high and low UVBR and high and low temperature to assess interactive effects on growth, survival and indices of immune function. The high UVBR treatment reduced growth and survival of larvae compared to the low UVBR treatment at both temperatures, but the effects were significantly enhanced at low temperature. High UVBR exposure also induced a chronic inflammatory response as evidenced by an increase in the leucocyte proportion of total cells and altered the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in the blood, highlighting a potential mechanistic basis for increased disease susceptibility in amphibians living at high altitudes. Our findings stress the importance of investigating environmental factors in combination when assessing their effects and highlight the mechanistic basis for how key environmental drivers in montane regions affect amphibian health. Continuation of this work is necessary for the development of targeted conservation strategies that tackle the root causes of montane amphibian declines.

scholarly journals Evolution of pathogen response genes associated with increased disease susceptibility during adaptation to an extreme drought in a Brassica rapa plant population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Breda O'Hara ◽  
Steven J Franks ◽  
Nolan C Kane ◽  
Silas Tittes ◽  
Joshua S Rest
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Pathogen Response

Abstract BACKGROUND: Pathogens are key components in natural and agricultural plant systems. There is evidence of evolutionary changes in disease susceptibility as a consequence of climate change, but we know little about the underlying genetic basis of this evolution. To address this, we took advantage of a historical seed collection of a Brassica rapa population, which we previously demonstrated evolved an increase in disease susceptibility to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen following a drought.RESULTS: Previously, we combined a resurrection experiment with genome-wide sequencing of 124 pooled ancestral and descendant plants. Here, using these previously generated sequence data (Franks et al, 2016), we show that well-characterized necrotrophic fungal pathogen response (NFPR) genes have evolved, as indicated by changes in allele frequency, between ancestors and descendants, with several of them identified as extreme FST outliers. The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in particular seems to underlie the evolution of disease susceptibility, in addition to its well characterized role in plastic disease response. We identify a list of 260 genes that are both NFPR genes and are differentially expressed in response to drought, based on publicly available data. We present evidence that five of these genes evolved between ancestors and descendants, suggesting that the drought acted as the evolutionary driver, and that the accompanying increase in disease susceptibility may have been a consequence of genetic pleiotropy.CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that for this population, standing variation in NFPR genes is affected by natural selection related to climate change. Our results reveal potentially important candidates that may underlie trait evolution in both crops and natural systems. Additionally, this trade-off between adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is an example of how climate change can have diverse and unexpected consequences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document