scholarly journals The Consensus Hepatitis C Cascade of Care: Standardized Reporting to Monitor Progress Toward Elimination

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2218-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Safreed-Harmon ◽  
Sarah Blach ◽  
Soo Aleman ◽  
Signe Bollerup ◽  
Graham Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
World Health ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
The World ◽  
Cascade Of Care ◽  
Standardized Reporting ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Monitoring Platform

Abstract Cascade-of-care (CoC) monitoring is an important component of the response to the global hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic. CoC metrics can be used to communicate, in simple terms, the extent to which national and subnational governments are advancing on key targets, and CoC findings can inform strategic decision-making regarding how to maximize the progression of individuals with HCV to diagnosis, treatment, and cure. The value of reporting would be enhanced if a standardized approach were used for generating CoCs. We have described the Consensus HCV CoC that we developed to address this need and have presented findings from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, where it was piloted. We encourage the uptake of the Consensus HCV CoC as a global instrument for facilitating clear and consistent reporting via the World Health Organization (WHO) viral hepatitis monitoring platform and for ensuring accurate monitoring of progress toward WHO's 2030 hepatitis C elimination targets.

scholarly journals HCV Detection, Discrimination, and Genotyping Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Warkad ◽  
Satish Nimse ◽  
Keum-Soo Song ◽  
Taisun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 71 million people were living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide in 2015. Each year, about 399,000 HCV-infected people succumb to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Therefore, screening of HCV infection with simple, rapid, but highly sensitive and specific methods can help to curb the global burden on HCV healthcare. Apart from the determination of viral load/viral clearance, the identification of specific HCV genotype is also critical for successful treatment of hepatitis C. This critical review focuses on the technologies used for the detection, discrimination, and genotyping of HCV in clinical samples. This article also focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods used for HCV detection, quantification, and genotyping.

Multinational Outbreak Investigations

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Mahoney ◽  
James W. Le Duc
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Health Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Regulations

Multinational collaborations on international outbreak investigations and response have a long history. Development of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948 was closely linked to efforts by the global community to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks of international concern. Through the International Health Regulations (IHR) of 2005, a legally binding instrument requiring countries to report certain outbreaks and public health events, WHO outlined a strategy for disease threat response. Efforts by global partners to strengthen cooperation have evolved over the years, including roles and responsibilities of WHO, its Member States, and other partners. Among the challenges faced by Member State and WHO in implementing the IHRs are limited funding to support staffing and operational support as well as sometimes conflicting multijurisdictional decision-making. The response to recent outbreaks provides evidence that much work remains to be done to strengthen IHR mechanisms.

Rhinovirus and Influenza Disease Swamedication Information System using the Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Husnul Khotimah ◽  
Tijaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost

Self-medication, known as self-medication, has now been widely used by people to treat their own diseases without a doctor's prescription. This is because the cost of examining and just consulting a doctor is very expensive for the community. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) self-medication is defined as the selection and use of drugs, including herbal and traditional medicine, by individuals to treat themselves from disease or symptoms of disease. As well as the world of digital information is currently mushrooming in various information systems to provide information to the public in real time. Therefore, the author will make a research on how web-based information systems can provide information to the public about self-medication for coughs and colds, which people often suffer from. The Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method is one of the superior methods for calculating the parameters for drug decisions that can be consumed by the public, making it easier for people to choose the type of medicine according to the disease they are suffering

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Worldwide and in Brazil: Silent Epidemic—Data on Disease including Incidence, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Fabricia Kretzer ◽  
Andrea do Livramento ◽  
Joel da Cunha ◽  
Sabrina Gonçalves ◽  
Iraci Tosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is endemic worldwide and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are about 150 million chronic carriers worldwide. The infection is a leading cause of liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); thus, HCV infection constitutes a critical public health problem. There are increasing efforts worldwide in order to reduce the global impact of hepatitis C through the implementation of programmatic actions that may increase the awareness of viral hepatitis and also improve surveillance, prevention, and treatment. In Brazil, about 1,5 million people have been chronically infected with HCV. The country has a vast territory with uneven population density, and hepatitis C incidence rates are variable with the majority of cases concentrated in the most populated areas. Currently, the main priorities of Brazilian Ministry of Health's strategies for viral hepatitis management include the prevention and early diagnosis of viral hepatitis infections; strengthening of the healthcare network and lines of treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, viral hepatitis, and AIDS; improvement and development of surveillance, information, and research; and promotion of universal access to medication. This review aims to summarize the available data on hepatitis C epidemiology and current status of efforts in prevention and infection control around the world and in Brazil.

scholarly journals Stay True, But Innovate!

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Mention ◽  
João José Pinto Ferreira ◽  
Marko Torkkeli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Operational Excellence

Were you ever asked by a manager to ‘do what you want’, where you felt free to innovate? Did it feel like freedom? Maybe you felt encouraged since you could now experiment your idea, but did it mean that your performance was now on the radar? Could you then stay true to your vision or did you feel the need to compromise so that the ‘numbers lined up’? Either way, you should know that you are not alone. Arguably, we are in an age of paradox1 where simultaneous contradic- tions are all too common. Innovation paradox arises when “the aggressive pursuit of operational excellence and incremental innovation crowds out the possibility of creating ground-breaking innovations” (Davila & Epstein, 2014, p.2). Often these contradictions are meaningful on their own merit but when interdependent on each other, they create tensions in economic, social, environmental and ethical decision-making. In previous editorials, we have shared how digital innovations and societal disparity across the world are influencing strategic decision-making and shifting the innovation mindset. We now stretch the boundaries by suggesting that paradigms relying on economic trade-offs and shared-value that have shaped conventional organisational strategies are no longer sufficient to guide paradoxical tensions in decision-making. (...)

scholarly journals Anti-hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in the working age population in Poland, 2004 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Walewska-Zielecka ◽  
Urszula Religioni ◽  
Grzegorz Juszczyk ◽  
Zbigniew M Wawrzyniak ◽  
Aleksandra Czerw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Health Organization

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a serious public health concern and one of the major public health priorities. In 2005, it was estimated that there are 185 million anti-HCV positive people in the world, which constitutes 2.8% of the global population. Our study estimates the anti-HCV seroprevalence in the working age population (15–64 years-old), mostly urban and suburban residents, in Poland from 2004 to 2014. The studied group consisted of 61,805 working-age population representatives whose data were obtained from electronic medical records of an outpatient clinic network operating on a countrywide level. Positive anti-HCV test results were obtained in 957 patients, representing 1.5% of the whole population studied throughout the analysed period. The average age of all anti-HCV positive patients was 36.8 years. Analysis of the data suggests that the proportion of anti-HCV positive patients decreased over the study period (mean positive anti-HCV = -0.0017 × year + 3.3715; R2 = 0.7558). In 2004, positive results were noted among 3.2% of patients undergoing HCV antibody tests, but in 2014, the percentage of patients with a positive result stood at 1.1%. The apparent decrease affected men and women similarly. Our study also provides evidence that screening people born before 1965 could be beneficial.

scholarly journals CoVID-19 prediction for India from the existing data and SIR(D) model study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Rajesh ◽  
Haidas Pai ◽  
Victor Roy ◽  
Subhasis Samanta ◽  
Sabyasachi Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Model Study ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
D Model ◽  
Existing Data

CoVID-19 is spreading throughout the world at an alarming rate. So far it has spread over 200 countries in the whole world. Mathematical modelling of an epidemic like CoVID-19 is always useful for strategic decision making, especially it is very useful to gain some understanding of the future of the epidemic in densely populous countries like India. We use a simple yet effective mathematical model SIR(D) to predict the future of the epidemic in India by using the existing data. We also estimate the effect of lock-down/social isolation via a time-dependent coefficient of the model. The model study with realistic parameters set shows that the epidemic will be at its peak around the end of June or the first week of July with almost 108 Indians most likely being infected if the lock-down relaxed after May 3, 2020. However, the total number of infected population will become one-third of what predicted here if we consider that people only in the red zones (approximately one-third of India's population) are susceptible to the infection. Even in a very optimistic scenario we expect that at least the infected numbers of people will be of the order of 107.

Expanding Data Mining Power with System Dynamics

2008 ◽  
pp. 2688-2696
Author(s):  
Edilberto Casado
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Knowledge Discovery In Databases ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
The World ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

Business intelligence (BI) is a key topic in business today, since it is focused on strategic decision making and on the search of value from business activities through empowering a “forward-thinking” view of the world. From this perspective, one of the most valuable concepts within BI is the “knowledge discovery in databases” or “data mining,” defined as “the process of discovering meaningful new correlations, patterns, and trends by sifting through large amounts of data stored in repositories, using pattern recognition technologies as well as statistical and mathematical techniques” (SPSS, 1997).

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