scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among US Adults Aged 20–59 Years With a History of Injection Drug Use: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2619-2627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie Z Shing ◽  
Kathleen N Ly ◽  
Jian Xing ◽  
Eyasu H Teshale ◽  
Ruth B Jiles
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
National Health ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit through needle sharing. The national HBV infection prevalence in persons who inject drugs remains ill-defined. We estimated the prevalence of total HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) positivity, indicating a previous or ongoing HBV infection, among adults aged 20–59 years with an injection drug use (IDU) history. We compared select characteristics by anti-HBc status. Methods Using 2001–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we calculated the anti-HBc positivity prevalence among adults with IDU histories and among the general US population. For adults with IDU histories, we compared sex, age group, birth cohort, race/ethnicity, health insurance coverage, and hepatitis A immunity by anti-HBc status. Using marginal structural models, we calculated model-adjusted prevalence rates and ratios to determine the characteristics associated with anti-HBc positivity among adults with IDU histories. Results From 2001–2016, the anti-HBc positivity prevalence was 19.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.0–24.0%) among those with IDU histories, compared with 4.6% (95% CI 4.3–5.0%) in the general population. The HBV surface antigen positivity prevalence was 0.4% (95% CI 0.3–0.5%) in the general population. Among adults with IDU histories, 19.8% reported prior-year IDU and 28.5% had a hepatitis A immunity. Conclusions One-fifth of adults with IDU histories had a previous or ongoing HBV infection: a rate over 4 times higher than the prevalence in the general population. One-fifth of adults with IDU histories reported prior-year use. Programs promoting safe IDU practices, drug treatment, and hepatitis A and B vaccinations should be key components of viral hepatitis prevention.

Hepatitis B Virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) among Hospitalized Mentally Disabled Patients is not transmitted by their nurses or family members

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
H. Sarbandi ◽  
S. M. Hosseini ◽  
K. Vakili ◽  
M. Fathi ◽  
N. V. Deravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Disabled Patients

Background. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be higher in the institutionalized mentally disabled patients than that of the general population previously reported in Iran. This study aims to investigate HBV infection among nurses and families of the hospitalized mentally disabled patients.Material and methods. This study was conducted on 110 nurses and family members of the mentally disabled patients who were hospitalized in five residential care centers of Tehran. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Afterwards, HBV DNA was extracted, and then propagated via a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method to compare virus genomes in the nurses’ serum with other isolated HBVs worldwide.Results. Out of 102 studied nurses, three (3%) were positive for HBsAg (100% female). Also, no patient was positive for the HBV genome, while eight (7.3%) nurses were positive for HBcAb including two (25%) males and six (75%) females. Genome sequencing of one DNA positive sample showed that the isolated virus from this patient contained sub genotype D1 and subtype ayw2. The results of none of the family members were positive for HBsAg, HBcAb, or HBV DNA.Conclusion. This study showed a higher prevalence of HBsAg among nurses (3%) compared to the Iranian general population (1.7–2.1%). The virus isolated from the nurses belonged to subgenotype D1 and subtype ayw2 in accordance with previous Iranian reports. Also, there was no drug-resistant or vaccine-escape mutations in the obtained viral genome. Moreover, low immune pressure on the virus in the asymptomatic chronic HBV patients might be responsible for low nucleotide divergence among the derived HBV genome.

scholarly journals Dissociation of alanine aminotransferase values in acute hepatitis A patients with and without past experience to the hepatitis B virus

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Papachristou ◽  
A. S. Dumas ◽  
V. C. Katsouyannopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

SUMMARYSerological markers and peak serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values of 140 in-patients with acute hepatitis, either type A (n= 90), or type B (n= 50) were prospectively assessed. In 23 out of the 90 patients with acute hepatitis A, evidence of previous experience with hepatitis B virus (HBV) was found, whereas 35 out of the 50 patients with acute hepatitis B had past contact with hepatitis A virus (HAV). The mean peak ALT values [S.D.] were significantly higher in hepatitis A patients with previous experience with HBV (1413 [704] i.u./l), when compared to those without such experience (842 [464] i.u./l, P < 0·001). Such a difference was not evident between acute hepatitis B patients, whether or not they had previous contact with HAV. We conclude that when acute hepatitis A is superimposed on past HBV infection an augmented transaminaemia, indicative of enhanced liver cell necrosis, takes place although a definite explanation is lacking. We suggest that individuals with markers of HBV infection should be early candidates for HAV immunization.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Bangladesh: Prevalence among General Population, Risk Groups and Genotype Distribution

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. uz-Zaman ◽  
Ayesha Rahman ◽  
Mahmuda Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence

Despite a considerable body of published research on hepatitis B in Bangladesh, researchers continue to lament the lack of reliable information about hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection epidemiology. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the literature with particular focus on a number of epidemiological questions, as well as a commentary on the trends of hepatitis B research as it has taken place in Bangladesh. The key themes to emerge from this review are: first, beyond noting a declining trend, it is difficult to provide conclusive estimates about HBV prevalence in the general population of Bangladesh. The majority of the studies, even the ones conducted on apparently healthy populations, fail to be adequately representative for the reasons explored in the article. Secondly, HBV infection in Bangladesh is sharply stratified across sociodemographic lines, which speaks to the role of awareness and risk exposure in HBV prevalence. Third, more research on occult infection rates is required to estimate the extent of risk posed by the current blood donation screening program, which relies exclusively on hepatitis B surface antigen as a biomarker. The same considerations apply for the comparative importance of vertical versus horizontal transmission and prevalence among particular risk groups like healthcare workers with high occupational exposure. Finally, while recent studies do allow us, albeit with some ambiguity, to draw conclusions about distribution of HBV genotypes in Bangladesh, there needs to be an added emphasis on molecular epidemiology. It is hoped that the present review, the first of its kind in Bangladesh, will serve as an up-to-date summary of the course HBV epidemiology research in Bangladesh has taken thus far, as well as crucial gaps to address going forward.

scholarly journals Incidence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States, 1976–1994: Estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

1998 ◽  
Vol 178 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Coleman ◽  
Geraldine M. McQuillan ◽  
Linda A. Moyer ◽  
Stephen B. Lambert ◽  
Harold S. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
National Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
B Virus
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