scholarly journals Patterns of Transmitted Drug Resistance and Virological Response to First-line Antiretroviral Treatment Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected People Who Use Illicit Drugs in a Canadian Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Eugenia Socías ◽  
Ekaterina Nosova ◽  
Thomas Kerr ◽  
Kanna Hayashi ◽  
P Richard Harrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
First Line ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Canadian Setting

scholarly journals Variable Prediction of Antiretroviral Treatment Outcome by Different Systems for Interpreting Genotypic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 187 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Luca ◽  
Antonella Cingolani ◽  
Simona Di Giambenedetto ◽  
Maria Paola Trotta ◽  
Francesco Baldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Demonstration of Sustained Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Lineages Circulating among Treatment-Naïve Individuals

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2645-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Hué ◽  
Robert J. Gifford ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
Esther Fernhill ◽  
Deenan Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is well-recognized and compromises response to first-line therapy. However, the population dynamics of transmitted resistance remains unclear, although previous models have assumed that such transmission reflects direct infection from treated individuals. We investigated whether population-based phylogenetic analyses would uncover lineages of resistant viruses circulating in untreated individuals. Through the phylogenetic analysis of 14,061 HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene sequences generated in the United Kingdom from both treatment-naïve and -experienced individuals, we identified five treatment-independent viral clusters containing mutations conferring cross-resistance to antiretroviral drugs prescribed today in the United Kingdom. These viral lineages represent sustainable reservoirs of resistance among new HIV infections, independent of treatment. Dated phylogenies reconstructed through Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inference indicated that these reservoirs originated between 1997 and 2003 and have persisted in the HIV-infected population for up to 8 years. Since our cohort does not represent all infected individuals within the United Kingdom, our results are likely to underestimate the number and size of the resistant reservoirs circulating among drug-naïve patients. The existence of sustained reservoirs of resistance in the absence of treatment has the capacity to threaten the long-term efficacy of antiretroviral therapy and suggests there is a limit to the decline of transmitted drug resistance. Given the current decrease in resistance transmitted from treated individuals, a greater proportion of resistance is likely to come from drug-naïve lineages. These findings provide new insights for the planning and management of treatment programs in resource-rich and developing countries.

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