scholarly journals A Bimodal Tuning Curve for Spatial Frequency Across Left and Right Human Orbital Frontal Cortex During Object Recognition

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Fintzi ◽  
B. Z. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Left And Right

scholarly journals A componential analysis of task‐switching deficits associated with lesions of left and right frontal cortex

Brain ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Aron ◽  
Stephen Monsell ◽  
Barbara J. Sahakian ◽  
Trevor W. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Left And Right

scholarly journals Neurological Soft Signs and Brain Network Abnormalities in Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Kong ◽  
Christina J Herold ◽  
Eric F C Cheung ◽  
Raymond C K Chan ◽  
Johannes Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Neurological soft signs (NSS) are often found in patients with schizophrenia. A wealth of neuroimaging studies have reported that NSS are related to disturbed cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry in schizophrenia. However, the association between NSS and brain network abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, the graph theoretical approach was used to analyze brain network characteristics based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. NSS were assessed using the Heidelberg scale. We found that there was no significant difference in global network properties between individuals with high and low levels of NSS. Regional network analysis showed that NSS were associated with betweenness centrality involving the inferior orbital frontal cortex, the middle temporal cortex, the hippocampus, the supramarginal cortex, the amygdala, and the cerebellum. Global network analysis also demonstrated that NSS were associated with the distribution of network hubs involving the superior medial frontal cortex, the superior and middle temporal cortices, the postcentral cortex, the amygdala, and the cerebellum. Our findings suggest that NSS are associated with alterations in topological attributes of brain networks corresponding to the cortical-subcortical-cerebellum circuit in patients with schizophrenia, which may provide a new perspective for elucidating the neural basis of NSS in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Synaptic biomarker reduction and impaired cognition in the sub-chronic PCP mouse model for schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gigg ◽  
Francesca McEwan ◽  
Rebecca Smausz ◽  
Joanna Neill ◽  
Michael K Harte
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Ventral Hippocampus ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Object Recognition Memory ◽  
Synaptic Markers ◽  
Inter Trial Interval ◽  
First Time ◽  
Interval Expression

Background: Sub-chronic phencyclidine treatment (scPCP) provides a translational rat model for cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). CIAS genetic risk factors may be more easily studied in mice; however, CIAS associated biomarker changes are relatively unstudied in the scPCP mouse. Aim: To characterize deficits in object recognition memory and synaptic markers in frontal cortex and hippocampus of the scPCP mouse. Methods: Female c57/bl6 mice received 10 daily injections of PCP (scPCP; 10 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle ( n = 8/group). Mice were tested for novel object recognition memory after either remaining in the arena (‘no distraction’) or being removed to a holding cage (‘distraction’) during the inter-trial interval. Expression changes for parvalbumin (PV), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and postsynaptic density 95 (PDS95) were measured in frontal cortex, dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Results: scPCP mice showed object memory deficits when distracted by removal from the arena, where they treated previously experienced objects as novel at test. scPCP significantly reduced PV expression in all regions and lower PSD95 levels in frontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. Levels of GAD67 and SNAP-25 were unchanged. Conclusions: We show for the first time that scPCP mice: (a) can encode and retain object information, but that this memory is susceptible to distraction; (b) display amnesia after distraction; and (c) express reduced PV and PSD95 in frontal cortex and hippocampus. These data further support reductions in PV-dependent synaptic inhibition and NMDAR-dependent glutamatergic plasticity in CIAS and highlight the translational significance of the scPCP mouse.

The Study of Spatial Frequency Channels for Human Visual System

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 1955007
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Ruixin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Psychophysical Experiment ◽  
Human Vision System

Similar to auditory perception of sound system, color perception of the human visual system also presents a multi-frequency channel property. In order to study the multi-frequency channel mechanism of how the human visual system processes color information, the paper proposed a psychophysical experiment to measure the contrast sensitivities based on 17 color samples of 16 spatial frequencies on CIELAB opponent color space. Correlation analysis was carried out on the psychophysical experiment data, and the results show obvious linear correlations of observations for different spatial frequencies of different observers, which indicates that a linear model can be used to model how human visual system processes spatial frequency information. The results of solving the model based on the experiment data of color samples show that 9 spatial frequency tuning curves can exist in human visual system with each lightness, R–G and Y–B color channel and each channel can be represented by 3 tuning curves, which reflect the “center-around” form of the human visual receptive field. It is concluded that there are 9 spatial frequency channels in human vision system. The low frequency tuning curve of a narrow-frequency bandwidth shows the characteristics of lower level receptive field for human vision system, the medium frequency tuning curve shows a low pass property of the change of medium frequent colors and the high frequency tuning curve of a width-frequency bandwidth, which has a feedback effect on the low and medium frequency channels and shows the characteristics of higher level receptive field for human vision system, which represents the discrimination of details.

scholarly journals Orbital frontal cortex in treatment-naïve pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank MacMaster ◽  
Anvi Vora ◽  
Phillip Easter ◽  
Carrie Rix ◽  
David Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Orbito-frontal cortex and thalamus volumes in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after cognitive behavioral therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Atmaca ◽  
Hanefi Yildirim ◽  
Seda Yilmaz ◽  
Neslihan Caglar ◽  
Osman Mermi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right

Background The effect of a variety of treatment modalities including psychopharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy on the brain volumes and neurochemicals have not been investigated enough in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the volumes of the orbito-frontal cortex and thalamus regions which seem to be abnormal in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. We hypothesized that there would be change in the volumes of the orbito-frontal cortex and thalamus. Methods Twelve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and same number of healthy controls were included into the study. At the beginning of the study, the volumes of the orbito-frontal cortex and thalamus were compared by using magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, volumes of these regions were measured before and after the cognitive behavioral therapy treatment in the patient group. Results The patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had greater left and right thalamus volumes and smaller left and right orbito-frontal cortex volumes compared to those of healthy control subjects at the beginning of the study. When we compared baseline volumes of the patients with posttreatment ones, we detected that thalamus volumes significantly decreased throughout the period for both sides and that the orbito-frontal cortex volumes significantly increased throughout the period for only left side. Conclusions In summary, we found that cognitive behavioral therapy might volumetrically affect the key brain regions involved in the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, future studies with larger sample are required.

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