scholarly journals Pain Attenuation through Mindfulness is Associated with Decreased Cognitive Control and Increased Sensory Processing in the Brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2692-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gard ◽  
B. K. Holzel ◽  
A. T. Sack ◽  
H. Hempel ◽  
S. W. Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Pain Attenuation through Mindfulness is Associated with Decreased Cognitive Control and Increased Sensory Processing in the Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
J. Wiedemann ◽  
Tim Gard ◽  
Britta K. Hölzel ◽  
Alexander T. Sack ◽  
Hannes Hempel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Antagonism between brain regions relevant for cognitive control and emotional memory facilitates the generation of humorous ideas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Bitsch ◽  
Philipp Berger ◽  
Andreas Fink ◽  
Arne Nagels ◽  
Benjamin Straube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe ability to generate humor gives rise to positive emotions and thus facilitate the successful resolution of adversity. Although there is consensus that inhibitory processes might be related to broaden the way of thinking, the neural underpinnings of these mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a humorous alternative uses task and a stroop task, to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying the emergence of humorous ideas in 24 subjects. Neuroimaging results indicate that greater cognitive control abilities are associated with increased activation in the amygdala, the hippocampus and the superior and medial frontal gyrus during the generation of humorous ideas. Examining the neural mechanisms more closely shows that the hypoactivation of frontal brain regions is associated with an hyperactivation in the amygdala and vice versa. This antagonistic connectivity is concurrently linked with an increased number of humorous ideas and enhanced amygdala responses during the task. Our data therefore suggests that a neural antagonism previously related to the emergence and regulation of negative affective responses, is linked with the generation of emotionally positive ideas and may represent an important neural pathway supporting mental health.

scholarly journals Synaptic propagation in neuronal networks with finite-support space dependent coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Erazo Toscano ◽  
Remus Osan
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Space Constant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Brain

1AbstractTraveling waves of electrical activity are ubiquitous in biological neuronal networks. Traveling waves in the brain are associated with sensory processing, phase coding, and sleep. The neuron and network parameters that determine traveling waves’ evolution are synaptic space constant, synaptic conductance, membrane time constant, and synaptic decay time constant. We used an abstract neuron model to investigate the propagation characteristics of traveling wave activity. We formulated a set of evolution equations based on the network connectivity parameters. We numerically investigated the stability of the traveling wave propagation with a series of perturbations with biological relevance.

scholarly journals Keep your interoceptive stream under control: an active inference perspective on Anorexia Nervosa.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Barca ◽  
giovanni pezzulo
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Western World ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Computational Level

Eating disorders, and in particular anorexia nervosa (AN), are widespread in the western world. Despite an extensive body of research, the mechanisms underlying anorexia nervosa and its striking eating restriction are still elusive. Here we propose an innovative account of anorexia, which elaborates on recent theories of the brain as a predictive machine (Friston, 2010; Friston et al., 2017; Pezzulo, Barca, Friston, 2015). Here we use this (active) interoceptive inference account to explain the starvation behavior characterizing restrictive anorexia. This novel perspective aims at merging computational-level constructs of active inference and altered interoceptive processing to psychological-level theories of cognitive control and self-coherence.

Magnetoencephalography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Hari
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Brain

This chapter introduces magnetoencephalography (MEG), a tool to study brain dynamics in basic and clinical neuroscience. MEG picks up brain signals with millisecond resolution, as does electroencephalography, but without distortion by skull and scalp. The chapter describes current instrumentation based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). It delineates basic characteristics of measured signals: (1) brain rhythms and their reactivity during sensory processing and various tasks and (2) evoked responses elicited by sensory stimuli, and the dependence of these responses on various stimulus characteristics. Signals are described from healthy and diseased brains. The chapter presents studies of the brain basis of cognition and social interaction studied in dual-MEG setups and describes how MEG applications can be broadened by innovative setups, including frequency tagging. Progress in the field is predicted regarding sensor technology, data analysis, and multimodal brain imaging, all of which could strengthen MEG’s role in the study of brain dynamics.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Migraine: A Disorder of Sensory Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Goadsby ◽  
Philip R. Holland ◽  
Margarida Martins-Oliveira ◽  
Jan Hoffmann ◽  
Christoph Schankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Cgrp Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Cgrp Receptor Antagonists ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Historical Consideration

Plaguing humans for more than two millennia, manifest on every continent studied, and with more than one billion patients having an attack in any year, migraine stands as the sixth most common cause of disability on the planet. The pathophysiology of migraine has emerged from a historical consideration of the “humors” through mid-20th century distraction of the now defunct Vascular Theory to a clear place as a neurological disorder. It could be said there are three questions: why, how, and when? Why: migraine is largely accepted to be an inherited tendency for the brain to lose control of its inputs. How: the now classical trigeminal durovascular afferent pathway has been explored in laboratory and clinic; interrogated with immunohistochemistry to functional brain imaging to offer a roadmap of the attack. When: migraine attacks emerge due to a disorder of brain sensory processing that itself likely cycles, influenced by genetics and the environment. In the first, premonitory, phase that precedes headache, brain stem and diencephalic systems modulating afferent signals, light-photophobia or sound-phonophobia, begin to dysfunction and eventually to evolve to the pain phase and with time the resolution or postdromal phase. Understanding the biology of migraine through careful bench-based research has led to major classes of therapeutics being identified: triptans, serotonin 5-HT1B/1Dreceptor agonists; gepants, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists; ditans, 5-HT1Freceptor agonists, CGRP mechanisms monoclonal antibodies; and glurants, mGlu5modulators; with the promise of more to come. Investment in understanding migraine has been very successful and leaves us at a new dawn, able to transform its impact on a global scale, as well as understand fundamental aspects of human biology.

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