scholarly journals Non-invasive mapping of corticofugal fibres from multiple motor areas—relevance to stroke recovery

Brain ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 1844-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Newton ◽  
Nick S. Ward ◽  
Geoffrey J. M. Parker ◽  
Ralf Deichmann ◽  
Daniel C. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Motor Areas

Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation: a Promising Approach for Stroke Recovery?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian J. Wessel ◽  
Friedhelm C. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

scholarly journals Influence of metabolic syndrome on post-stroke outcome, angiogenesis and vascular function in old rats determined by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2097641
Author(s):  
Jesús M Pradillo ◽  
Macarena Hernández-Jiménez ◽  
María E Fernández-Valle ◽  
Violeta Medina ◽  
Juan E Ortuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Old Rats

Stroke affects primarily aged and co-morbid people, aspects not properly considered to date. Since angiogenesis/vasculogenesis are key processes for stroke recovery, we purposed to determine how different co-morbidities affect the outcome and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, using a rodent model of metabolic syndrome, and by dynamic enhanced-contrast imaging (DCE-MRI) to assess its non-invasive potential to determine these processes. Twenty/twenty-two month-old corpulent (JCR:LA-Cp/Cp), a model of metabolic syndrome and lean rats were used. After inducing the experimental ischemia by transient MCAO, angiogenesis was analyzed by histology, vasculogenesis by determination of endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and evaluating their pro-angiogenic properties in culture and the vascular function by DCE-MRI at 3, 7 and 28 days after tMCAO. Our results show an increased infarct volume, BBB damage and an impaired outcome in corpulent rats compared with their lean counterparts. Corpulent rats also displayed worse post-stroke angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, outcome that translated in an impaired vascular function determined by DCE-MRI. These data confirm that outcome and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis induced by stroke in old rats are negatively affected by the co-morbidities present in the corpulent genotype and also that DCE-MRI might be a technique useful for the non-invasive evaluation of vascular function and angiogenesis processes.

scholarly journals Experimental and Clinical Approaches to Recovery after Stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Michael Brainin ◽  
Natan Bornstein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Functional Areas

The development of effective treatments that aid recovery after stroke has been hampered in recent decades by a lack of knowledge regarding stroke complexity and the processes involved in neurological repair. Many stroke treatments tested so far have been monomodal, targeting only one neurobiological process whereas multimodal treatments are more likely to address the complex processes of stroke recovery. Understanding of stroke recovery, however, is increasing using imaging techniques, especially positron emission tomography (PET). This reveals features such as the tissue at risk in the peri-infarct area, which can be functionally restored if treatment is initiated rapidly. Understanding of stroke risk is also improving with the use of biomarkers. A promising approach to stroke therapy is non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), which can precisely target specific functional areas of the cortex. Clinical studies indicate that NIBS provides improvements in motor functions and aphasia but more supporting evidence is needed. When treating stroke it is critically important to take account of co-morbidities, such as diabetes and hypertension, since these have profound effects on outcomes. The provision of adequate rehabilitation soon after stroke is critical for optimal recovery and should include drug therapy. Such interventions at local treatment centres, however, are often under-resourced. Current developments are leading to a better understanding of pathophysiology and improved awareness of risks and treatments should, in future, also improve rehabilitation and hence benefit outcomes following a stroke.

scholarly journals Association Study of SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) Polymorphism and Its Promoter Methylation with Rehabilitation Outcome in Patients with Subacute Stroke

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Massimo Santoro ◽  
Mariacristina Siotto ◽  
Marco Germanotta ◽  
Alessia Mastrorosa ◽  
Dionysia Papadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Recently it has been suggested that serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and its 5HTTLPR polymorphism could be involved in post stroke recovery. Here, we characterized the methylation profile of two different CpG islands within the SLC6A4 promoter region in the whole blood of 50 patients with subacute stroke before and after a six-week rehabilitation treatment. These patients were genotyped for 5HTTLPR polymorphism identifying patients on the basis of short (S) and L (L) alleles: 17 patients LL, 22 patients LS and 11 patients SS. At baseline, all CpG sites for both CpG islands displayed a heterogeneous methylation percentage that were not influenced by the different genotypes. After rehabilitation, we found a significant variation in the methylation levels (increase/decrease) in the specific CpG sites of both CpG islands. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the LL, LS and SS alleles and the outcome of the rehabilitation intervention (χ2 (2,50) = 6.395, p = 0.041). Specifically, we found a significant difference between patients with or without a favorable outcome in the LL (11.1% with a favorable outcome) and in the SS (54.4% with a favorable outcome) groups. Our data suggest that 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms and SLC6A4 promoter methylation may be employed as a non-invasive biological marker of recovery in patients with stroke undergoing rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Finger recruitment patterns during mirror movements suggest two systems for hand recovery after stroke

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Ejaz ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Meret Branscheidt ◽  
Benjamin Hertler ◽  
Heidi Schambra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Mirror Movements ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Recovery Study ◽  
Cortical Inputs

AbstractAccumulating behavioural and neurophysiological evidence suggests that upper-limb control relies on contributions from both cortical and subcortical motor circuits, with cortical inputs providing fine-finger function and subcortical inputs providing the ability for gross movements, respectively. During recovery of function after stroke, the relative contributions from these pathways may shift. Here we propose that mirror movements that appear after stroke provide a non-invasive assay through which relative contributions from cortical and subcortical pathways towards hand recovery can be studied. We hypothesized that mirror movements, like hand function, are generated by summed contributions from cortical and subcortical pathways, and suggest that subcortical contributions should be characterized by a broad recruitment of fingers, while cortical contributions primarily recruit the homologous finger in the passive hand. In a longitudinal stroke recovery study (Xu et al., 2016), we quantified mirror movements and paretic hand function in 53 stroke patients in the year following unilateral stroke. Mirror movements in the non-paretic hand were exaggerated early after damage (week 2), with paretic finger presses broadly recruiting multiple fingers in the non-paretic hand. On average, however, mirroring in homologous fingers was 1.76 times larger than in non-homologous fingers. Over the year, mirroring in the non-paretic hand progressively normalized with a time-course that mimicked that for the fine-finger deficits in the paretic hand. In comparison, during non-paretic finger presses, the homologous component of mirroring in the paretic hand was reduced early after stroke (week 2) but progressively normalized. Altogether, we conclude that the pattern of mirror movements across homologous and non-homologous fingers reflect the summed contributions of both cortical and subcortical systems, and we discuss the implications of our results towards hand recovery after stroke.

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