scholarly journals Test of Premorbid Functioning: You’re Doing It Wrong, but Does It Matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D Shura ◽  
Anna S Ord ◽  
Sarah L Martindale ◽  
Holly M Miskey ◽  
Katherine H Taber
Keyword(s):  
Score Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Premorbid Functioning ◽  
Performance Validity Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Objective Clarify procedures to correctly score Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) and assess the accuracy of TOPF scores in the estimation of premorbid intellectual functioning. Method In this cross-sectional study, post-9/11 veterans (N = 233, 84.12% male) completed the TOPF, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), and performance validity measures. Results All TOPF scores were significantly correlated with WAIS-IV FSIQ scores (range r = 0.56–.73). The degree of discrepancy between TOPF scores and FSIQ varied with 10%–17% of TOPF scores deviating from FSIQ scores by one SD or more. Conclusions Proper TOPF scoring procedures are presented. The TOPF Actual and Predicted scores were related to FSIQ. However, a higher percentage of Actual and Predicted scores were discrepant from FSIQ compared with the other three TOPF estimates, arguing against their use as independent premorbid estimates. Use of the TOPF as was designed is recommended.

scholarly journals The Comparison Between Neuropsychological Features of Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures and Epileptic Seizures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare oji ◽  
Hamide Ajam Zibadi ◽  
Mahrooz Roozbeh ◽  
Leila Simani ◽  
Ahmad Ali Noorbala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Background: Both epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are often associated with some degree of cognitive impairment. Video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing PNES. This diagnostic procedure is costly and available in specific tertiary centers. Neuropsychological assessment can provide clues for the differential diagnosis of PNES and ES and help clarify the nature and etiology of these two disorders. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neuropsychological profiles of PNES and ES patients. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 patients with ES and 31 patients with PNES were compared by neuropsychiatric tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive examination (ACE), and California Verbal Learning test (CVLT). Results: There was a female predominance in the PNES group (female-to-male ratio = 4.16/1, P = 0.003). In the PNES group, 77.4% of the patients had a psychiatric disorder versus 66.7% of the patients in the ES group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.34). The mean score of total intelligence was higher in the PNES group (84.77 ± 16.94), compared to the ES group (83.63 ± 10.04); however, the difference was not significant (P = 0.75). Based on the mean subscale scores, the digit symbol score (WAIS-IV subscale) and memory score (ACE subscale) were significantly higher in the PNES group compared to the ES group (P = 0.037 and 0.032, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed that neuropsychological assessments might not differentiate ES from non-epileptic seizures.

Relationship between Wais—R Intelligence and the Five-Factor Model of Personality in a Normal Elderly Sample

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide Saggino ◽  
Michela Balsamo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Intelligence Scores

The present study examined associations between Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS–R) scores and the five-factor model of personality, as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Both tests were administered to a nonclinical sample of 100 Italian subjects 75 years and older. Analysis showed that the NEO-PI–R Openness to Experience domain was a weak but the best predictor of the three WAIS–R intelligence scores (Total, Verbal, and Performance). Were such a relationship confirmed by further investigations, Openness could be interpreted as a factor which might mitigate intellectual impoverishment which accompanies the normal aging process.

Obtaining Factor Scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (444) ◽  
pp. 1060-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Scores ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Arbitrary Fashion

ProblemElsewhere (3) it has been argued that, when reporting a subject's results on the WISC (5), it is preferable to give them in the form of scores or intelligence quotients on orthogonal factors than as Verbal and Performance I.Q.s since the latter overlap in a rather arbitrary fashion. In this study a similar recommendation is implied when dealing with a subject's results on the WAIS (6) and the problem is to indicate how factor scores on this test can be obtained.

Validity of the 16PF Reasoning Ability Scale

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 904-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicent H. Abel ◽  
L. Katherine Brown
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Performance Scale

The construct validity of the 16PF Reasoning Ability Scale was tested against the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS–R) with 60 undergraduate students. Moderate correlations were obtained between scores on the reasoning scale and the WAIS–R Full Scale, Verbal Scale, and Performance Scale (.57, .44, .51, respectively). The strongest correlations between scores on the reasoning scale and WAIS–R subtests were obtained for Information and Block Design. These data indicate modest support for the validity of the 16PF Reasoning Ability Scale as a measure of intelligence.

Relationships between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1111-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven O. Walters ◽  
Kenneth A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test

The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test detects learning problems of young students and is a screen for whether a more comprehensive test of intelligence is needed. A study to assess whether this test was valid as an adult intelligence test was conducted with 20 undergraduate psychology majors. The correlations between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test's Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices test scores and their corresponding Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition test scores, the Full Scale ( r = .88), Verbal ( r = .77), and Performance scores ( r = .87), indicated very strong relationships. In addition, no significant differences were obtained between the Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices means of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance means of the WAIS–III. The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test appears to be a valid test of intelligence for adults.

scholarly journals A-205 Digit Span Raw, A Newly Derived Embedded Performance Validity Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1000
Author(s):  
Schroeder R ◽  
Soden D ◽  
Clark H ◽  
Martin P
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Performance Validity Tests

Abstract Objective Outside of Reliable Digit Span (RDS), there has been minimal research examining the utility of Digit Span (DS) score combinations from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—4th Edition (WAIS-IV) as possible performance validity tests (PVTs). We sought to determine if other DS scores/score combinations might work more effectively than RDS as a PVT. Method Patients included 318 individuals who completed neuropsychological evaluations. Individuals were excluded if they were not administered DS; were not administered at least 4 criterion PVTs; had diagnoses of dementia, intellectual disability, or left hemisphere cerebrovascular accident; or had indeterminate validity results (i.e., failure of one PVT). Valid performers (n = 248) were those who passed all criterion PVTs while invalid performers (n = 70) failed two or more criterion PVTs. Receiver operating characteristic curves were conducted for multiple DS indices. Results Area under the curve (AUC) was highest for the DS index that combined raw scores from all three trials (Digit Span Raw; AUC = .821). Likewise, when examining cutoffs that maintained 90% specificity for each DS index, a Digit Span Raw cutoff of < 20 produced the highest sensitivity rate (52%) of all indices. For comparison, RDS, RDS with sequencing, and DS scaled score had AUC values of .758, .802, and .811, respectively. When maintaining specificity at 90%, sensitivity rates were 28%, 43%, and 43%, respectively. Conclusions Results suggest that the most effective embedded DS index might be a new one, which we term Digit Span Raw. Cross-validation of these findings could provide support for using this index instead of the more commonly examined RDS.

Development and Psychometric Properties of the Taiwan Odd–Even Number Sequencing Test: A Nonalphabetic Measure of Working Memory

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Yen-Ting Chen ◽  
Chung-Yu Peng ◽  
Mau-Sun Hua ◽  
Chen-Chung Liu ◽  
Hsin-Yi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Healthy Participants

Alphabetic working memory (WM) tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III and IV Letter Number Sequencing, are not appropriate for nonalphabetic cultures. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Taiwan Odd–Even Number Sequencing Test (TOENST) and identified representative norms. The TOENST and other mental screening tasks were administered to 300 randomly selected healthy participants, 32 purposive sampling patients with schizophrenia, and 32 quota sampling controls. To investigate reliability and validity, a subset of the 300 healthy participants was randomly selected to receive a second TOENST ( n = 30) or conventional WM tests ( n = 42). The split-half reliability of the TOENST ranged from 0.69 to 0.95, and its test–retest reliability was 0.75. Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with conventional WM measures (all p < .05, except semantic verbal fluency), and construct validity was demonstrated by significant correlations with aging (main effect, F10,259 = 10.99, p < .001). Normative data were established, and performance was significantly associated with age and education. TOENST scores of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower and correlated with frontal lobe tests, but not demographical or clinical characteristics. The TOENST has adequate psychometric properties and clinical utility and is as a viable alternative WM task for nonalphabetic cultures.

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