scholarly journals Towards completing understanding of genome size characters in plants. A commentary on: ‘Genome size and endopolyploidy evolution across the moss phylogeny’

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. iv-v
Author(s):  
Jeff Duckett
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Genome

Abstract Major differences between moss and vascular plant genome sizes have major implications for stomatal biology whilst an absence of endopolyploidy in Sphagnum is most probably related to the unique development of the capitulum.

scholarly journals An enormous Paris polyphylla genome sheds light on genome size evolution and polyphyllin biogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Meiqi Lv ◽  
Lei Du ◽  
A Yunga ◽  
Shijie Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Paris Polyphylla

AbstractThe monocot family Melanthiaceae with varying genome sizes in a range of 230-fold is an ideal model to study the genome size fluctuation in plants. Its family member Paris genus demonstrates an evolutionary trend of bearing huge genomes characterized by an average c-value of 49.22 pg. Here, we report a 70.18 Gb genome assembly out of the 82.55 Gb genome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY), which represents the biggest sequenced genome to date. We annotate 69.53% repetitive sequences in this genome and 62.50% of which are long-terminal repeat (LTR) transposable elements. Further evolution analysis indicates that the giant genome likely results from the joint effect of common and species-specific expansion of different LTR superfamilies, which might contribute to the environment adaptation after speciation. Moreover, we identify the candidate pathway genes for the biogenesis of polyphyllins, the PPY-specific medicinal saponins, by complementary approaches including genome mining, comprehensive analysis of 31 next-generation RNA-seq data and 55.23 Gb single-molecule circular consensus sequencing (CCS) RNA-seq reads, and correlation of the transcriptome and phytochemical data of five different tissues at four growth stages. This study not only provides significant insights into plant genome size evolution, but also paves the way for the following polyphyllin synthetic biology.

scholarly journals Plant Genome Size Research: A Field In Focus

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. BENNETT
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Plant Genome

The effects of rapid desiccation on estimates of plant genome size

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian D. Bainard ◽  
Brian C. Husband ◽  
Sarah J. Baldwin ◽  
Aron J. Fazekas ◽  
T. Ryan Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Plant Genome

scholarly journals Plant Genome Size Estimation by Flow Cytometry: Inter-laboratory Comparison

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Doležel ◽  
J. Greilhuber ◽  
S. Lucretti ◽  
A. Meister ◽  
M. A. Lysák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Size Estimation

scholarly journals УРОВНИ ПЛОИДНОСТИ И ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ДНК В КУЛЬТУРЕ КЛЕТОК И ТКАНЕЙ РАСТЕНИЙ IN VITRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
M. V. Skaptsov ◽  
M. A. Krasnoborodkina ◽  
M. G. Kutsev ◽  
S. V. Smirnov ◽  
A. I. Shmakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Relative Dna Content

<p>We presented results of variations in the ploidy level and the genome size of the <em>R. acetosa</em> regenerants. These regenerants was obtained by indirect and direct morphogenesis in in vitro culture. Explants were prepared from seedlings on the three-leaf stage of plant development. More than 100 explants were used to stimulate the indirect and direct morphogenesis. Mesophilic explants were cultured on the MS nutrient medium containing auxin to callus proliferation (2 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BA). Cultivation of the callus was maintained for 4 weeks followed by an indirect morphogenes. Indirect morphogenesis stimulated on the MS medium with cytokinin and gibberellic acid predominance (0.5 mg/L BA, 0.2 mg/L GA3). Direct stimulate morphogenesis from the apical meristem of seedlings on nutrient media with a predominance of cytokinins (1 mg/L BA, 0.25 mg/L NAA). Rhizogenesis have stimulated by transferring of the regenerants to the ½MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L of NAA. Research of a ploidy level and genome size was performed by flow cytometry used propidium iodide staining with <em>Vicia faba</em> cv “Innovec” (2C=26.90 pg) as internal DNA standard. We calculated the relative DNA content (2C) for <em>R. acetosa</em> equal to 6,98 pg. Cytogenetical analisis showed that the maximum genome size variation recorded for regenerants obtained through the indirect morphogenesis. Variations in the genome size of the regenerants obtained by direct morphogenesis deviates from the control group to 0.30 pg (2С=7.28 pg) and after indirect morphogenesis to 1.04 pg (2С=8.2 pg). Cytogenetical analysis of the regenerated plants showed the presence of different somatic chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 14 to 2n = 28. The relative DNA content of tetraploid forms was 11.87 pg. In our study was shown, that the most effective method of plant conservation in the <em>in vitro</em> culture is a direct morphogenesis. Analysis of the relative nuclear DNA content and chromosome counts of regenerants obtained by indirect morphogenesis from the callus cultures showed significant variations in the DNA content, as well as the appearance of polyploid forms. Therefore, long-term cultivation of callus cultures increases the probability of genomic aberrations, which reduces the stability of the plant genome.</p>

scholarly journals DNA replication and chromosome positioning throughout the interphase in three-dimensional space of plant nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6262-6272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžběta Němečková ◽  
Veronika Koláčková ◽  
Jan Vrána ◽  
Jaroslav Doležel ◽  
Eva Hřibová
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Replication Timing ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Interphase Chromosome ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Abstract Despite much recent progress, our understanding of the principles of plant genome organization and its dynamics in three-dimensional space of interphase nuclei remains surprisingly limited. Notably, it is not clear how these processes could be affected by the size of a plant’s nuclear genome. In this study, DNA replication timing and interphase chromosome positioning were analyzed in seven Poaceae species that differ in their genome size. To provide a comprehensive picture, a suite of advanced, complementary methods was used: labeling of newly replicated DNA by ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, isolation of nuclei at particular cell cycle phases by flow cytometric sorting, three-dimensional immunofluorescence in situ hybridization, and confocal microscopy. Our results revealed conserved dynamics of DNA replication in all species, and a similar replication timing order for telomeres and centromeres, as well as for euchromatin and heterochromatin regions, irrespective of genome size. Moreover, stable chromosome positioning was observed while transitioning through different stages of interphase. These findings expand upon earlier studies in suggesting that a more complex interplay exists between genome size, organization of repetitive DNA sequences along chromosomes, and higher order chromatin structure and its maintenance in interphase, albeit controlled by currently unknown factors.

Genome size increases in recently diverged hornwort clades

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian D. Bainard ◽  
Juan Carlos Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Ancestral Reconstruction ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Dna Content Variation ◽  
Size Estimates

As our knowledge of plant genome size estimates continues to grow, one group has continually been neglected: the hornworts. Hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) have been traditionally grouped with liverworts and mosses because they share a haploid dominant life cycle; however, recent molecular studies place hornworts as the sister lineage to extant tracheophytes. Given the scarcity of information regarding the DNA content of hornworts, our objective was to estimate the 1C-value for a range of hornwort species within a phylogenetic context. Using flow cytometry, we estimated genome size for 36 samples representing 24 species. This accounts for roughly 10% of known hornwort species. Haploid genome sizes (1C-value) ranged from 160 Mbp or 0.16 pg (Leiosporoceros dussii) to 719 Mbp or 0.73 pg (Nothoceros endiviifolius). The average 1C-value was 261 ± 104 Mbp (0.27 ± 0.11 pg). Ancestral reconstruction of genome size on a hornwort phylogeny suggests a small ancestral genome size and revealed increases in genome size in the most recently divergent clades. Much more work is needed to understand DNA content variation in this phylogenetically important group, but this work has significantly increased our knowledge of genome size variation in hornworts.

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