The Salt Relations of Plant Tissues: II. The Absorption of Manganese Salts by Storage Tissue

1940 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. STILES ◽  
A. D. SKELDING
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Manganese Salts

Extraction, Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Detection, and Quantitation of Hexachlorophene Residues from Plant Tissues High in Lipid Content

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Oscar W Van Auken ◽  
Michael Hulse ◽  
Constance L Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Glass Column ◽  
Chromatographic Detection ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Plant Storage

Abstract A method has been developed for the extraction, cleanup, derivatization, detection, and quantitation of hexachlorophene (HCP) residues from 2 types of plant storage tissue high in lipid content. Wet soybean or peanut tissue was homogenized and extracted with ethyl ether and chromatographed on silica gel to remove the neutral lipids. The cleaned up sample was methylated with diazomethane and the dimethoxyhexachlorophene was eluted from a second silica gel column and chromatographed on a 6′ glass column packed with 3% OV-1 or 3% SE-30 on Gas-Chrom Q. The instrument detection limit for the 63Ni electron capture detector was <0.1 ng for dimethoxyhexachlorophene and about 1 ppb for HCP residue in plant issue. Recovery of 10–420 ppb HCP added to tissue averaged 90.9±5.7%. Interfering substances were removed, column life was increased, peak sharpness was increased, and tailing of the parent compound was decreased by using appropriate column chromatography.

scholarly journals Maintenanance of Viability of Carrot Tissue Slices in Washing Solutions After Cutting

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Wildes ◽  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Physiological Studies

In studies of the characteristics of the uptake of boric acid by plant tissues (Wildes and Neales, unpublished data) we used disks cut from carrot roots. Bacon, MacDonald, and Knight (1965) have emphasized the necessity of using storage tissue free of bacteria for such physiological studies. In the course of our experiments we therefore investigated the extent of bacterial contamination in carrot disks immediately after cutting, and also examined the effects of chloramphenicol and calcium chloride in the washing solution on the extent of the development of bacterial contamination in the disks. We also made measurements of various properties that gave evidence of their normal biological activity. The loss of this activity, in our experience, was characterized by a final loss of turgor, browning of both tissue and washing solutions, and a failure to respond in respiration rate to both the addition of salts and 2,4-dinitrophenol.

scholarly journals Induced melanism in lepidoptera

1932 ◽  
Vol 110 (768) ◽  
pp. 378-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Recessive Phenotype ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Manganese Salts

In two previous papers (Harrison and Garrett, 1926; and Harrison, 1928) the experimental production of melanic varieties of the moth Selenia bilunaria , Esper, was reported, following upon the feeding of the larvæ upon hawthorn leaves which had absorbed small quantities of lead and manganese salts respectively. These induced melanic forms were inherited in subsequent generations as recessives on ordinary mendelian lines. The production of these melanics was associated by Harrison with the occurrence of melanics in various species of Lepidoptera in industrial areas both in England and Germany where it might be expected that the food plants would become contaminated with metallic fumes. The production of a variation so striking and heritable in what had hitherto appeared to be a fairly stable species seemed to call for further experimental investigation, especially as a natural melanic in the species had been reported (Mansbridge, 1927-28). While it is known that certain violent disturbances of the organism, as by treatment by X-rays, may induce “mutations” which are heritable, it is always difficult to be sure that the species in nature does not contain an occasional recessive gene which escapes observation because of the extreme rarity of the matings which would result in the emergence of the recessive phenotype. A fresh series of experiments was therefore initiated at the John Innes Horticultural Institution in order to ascertain if melanic variations could be induced with any regularity by the method indicated by Harrison. In any case it was difficult to understand that manganese should be a casual factor, in view of the invariable presence of manganese in plant tissues and the absence of evidence that the proportion is significantly greater in leaves in industrial areas.

Microscopy studies of powdery mildew on summer squash

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
John S. Gardner ◽  
W. M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Vegetative Hypha ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Conidial Formation ◽  
Polar Tip Growth ◽  
Short Conidiophore

Powdery mildews are characterized by the appearance of spots or patches of a white to grayish, powdery, mildewy growth on plant tissues, entire leaves or other organs. Ervsiphe cichoracearum, the powdery mildew of cucurbits is among the most serious parasites, and the most common. The conidia are formed similar to the process described for Ervsiphe graminis by Cole and Samson. Theconidial chains mature basipetally from a short, conidiophore mother-cell at the base of the fertile hypha which arises holoblastically from the conidiophore. During early development it probably elongates by polar-tip growth like a vegetative hypha. A septum forms just above the conidiophore apex. Additional septa develop in acropetal succession. However, the conidia of E. cichoracearum are more doliform than condia from E. graminis. The purpose of these investigations was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to demonstrate the nature of hyphal growth and conidial formation of E. cichoracearum on field-grown squash leaves.

Localization of acid phosphatases in root cap of rice plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Y. R. Chen ◽  
Y. F. Huang ◽  
W. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ethanol Series

Acid phosphatases are widely distributed in different tisssues of various plants. Studies on subcellular localization of acid phosphatases show they might be present in cell wall, plasma lemma, mitochondria, plastid, vacuole and nucleus. However, their localization in rice cell varies with developmental stages of cells and plant tissues. In present study, acid phosphatases occurring in root cap are examined.Sliced root tips of ten-day-old rice(Oryza sativa) seedlings were fixed in 0.1M cacodylate buffer containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2h, washed overnight in same buffer solution, incubated in Gomori's solution at 37° C for 90min, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol series and finally embeded in Spurr's resin. Sections were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under Hitachi H-600 at 75 KV.

Cryosectioning plant roots prepared by high-pressure freezing

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
R.E. Crang ◽  
M. Mueller ◽  
K. Zierold
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Vitreous State ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
Irregular Topography ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Obtaining frozen-hydrated sections of plant tissues for electron microscopy and microanalysis has been considered difficult, if not impossible, due primarily to the considerable depth of effective freezing in the tissues which would be required. The greatest depth of vitreous freezing is generally considered to be only 15-20 μm in animal specimens. Plant cells are often much larger in diameter and, if several cells are required to be intact, ice crystal damage can be expected to be so severe as to prevent successful cryoultramicrotomy. The very nature of cell walls, intercellular air spaces, irregular topography, and large vacuoles often make it impractical to use immersion, metal-mirror, or jet freezing techniques for botanical material.However, it has been proposed that high-pressure freezing (HPF) may offer an alternative to the more conventional freezing techniques, inasmuch as non-cryoprotected specimens may be frozen in a vitreous, or near-vitreous state, to a radial depth of at least 0.5 mm.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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