scholarly journals Exposure Assessment to α- and β-Pinene, Δ3-Carene and Wood Dust in Industrial Production of Wood Pellets

10.12737/3354 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Зотова ◽  
Elena Zotova ◽  
Сафонов ◽  
Andrey Safonov

The paper discusses the methodology for assessing characteristics in relation to this type of wood biofuel. Part of the methods is adopted by the national standards of the Russian Federation, the other part is proposed because of the lack of regulations. Interest in solid biofuels in the last decade has increased steadily, a rather stable market was formed, and there are its own leaders. Until not long ago the absence of legally approved methods for determining physical, mechanical, thermal, chemical characteristics made significant challenges for the development of this promising trend of industrial production, both in Europe and in the Russian Federation.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Sun ◽  
Yong Yan ◽  
Robert M. Carter ◽  
Lingjun Gao ◽  
Xiangchen Qian ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 4339-4345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatchai Ekpanyaskul ◽  
Suleeporn Sangrajrang ◽  
Wiwat Ekburanawat ◽  
Paul Brennan ◽  
Andrea Mannetje ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Hagström ◽  
Sara Axelsson ◽  
Helena Arvidsson ◽  
Ing-Liss Bryngelsson ◽  
Cecilia Lundholm ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kåre Eriksson ◽  
Ing-Liss Bryngelsson ◽  
Katja Hagström

Author(s):  
Matthew L. Hall ◽  
Stephanie De Anda

Purpose The purposes of this study were (a) to introduce “language access profiles” as a viable alternative construct to “communication mode” for describing experience with language input during early childhood for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; (b) to describe the development of a new tool for measuring DHH children's language access profiles during infancy and toddlerhood; and (c) to evaluate the novelty, reliability, and validity of this tool. Method We adapted an existing retrospective parent report measure of early language experience (the Language Exposure Assessment Tool) to make it suitable for use with DHH populations. We administered the adapted instrument (DHH Language Exposure Assessment Tool [D-LEAT]) to the caregivers of 105 DHH children aged 12 years and younger. To measure convergent validity, we also administered another novel instrument: the Language Access Profile Tool. To measure test–retest reliability, half of the participants were interviewed again after 1 month. We identified groups of children with similar language access profiles by using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results The D-LEAT revealed DHH children's diverse experiences with access to language during infancy and toddlerhood. Cluster analysis groupings were markedly different from those derived from more traditional grouping rules (e.g., communication modes). Test–retest reliability was good, especially for the same-interviewer condition. Content, convergent, and face validity were strong. Conclusions To optimize DHH children's developmental potential, stakeholders who work at the individual and population levels would benefit from replacing communication mode with language access profiles. The D-LEAT is the first tool that aims to measure this novel construct. Despite limitations that future work aims to address, the present results demonstrate that the D-LEAT represents progress over the status quo.


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