Comparison of Health Examination Survey Methods in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, England, Scotland, and the United States

The spiral of silence effect describes individuals’ tendency to silence minority opinions, whilst using the media to gauge majority opinion. While the spiral of silence effect has been explored in controversial political contexts, the phenomenon has not been scrutinized in its relation to religious communication. The current study applies this concept to further the current understanding of communication as it applies to religion. A questionnaire was distributed electronically to 94 students at a large university in the southeastern United States. Using survey methods, this paper finds that religiosity is positively correlated to willingness to communicate about religion. This paper also finds that media exposure is not related to either willingness to communicate about religion or religiosity.

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Preliminary findings from the 2010 archaeological survey in Lake Dian Basin, Yunnan

Chinese Archaeology ◽

10.1515/char-2015-0015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Survey Methods ◽

The United States ◽

Han Dynasty ◽

Archaeological Survey ◽

Survey Team ◽

The Bronze Age

AbstractIn 2010, a joint archaeological survey team organized by the scholars from China, the United States and Canada conducted archaeological survey in the southern and western parts of the Lake Dian Basin. The surveyed areas involved three towns, which were Kunyang in Jinning County and Haikou and Biji in Xishan District, Kunming City, covering areas of about 74sq km. The survey methods included onsite survey, core observation and hand coring test. The survey discovered two microlithic sites, 21 sites of the Bronze Age, five sites containing remains of both the Bronze Age and the Han Dynasty and one site of the Han Dynasty.

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Configuring a Construct Definition of Teacher Working Conditions in the United States: A Systematic Narrative Review of Researcher Concepts

Review of Educational Research ◽

10.3102/0034654320985611 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003465432098561

Author(s):

Becca C. Merrill

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Survey Methods ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Narrative Synthesis ◽

Teacher Working Conditions ◽

Construct Definition ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

Definition Of

Teacher working conditions (TWCs) are, in many ways, student learning conditions. Furthermore, they have also been linked to teacher retention. These connections make TWCs important to understand; yet there is no accepted construct definition delineating and defining what TWCs are. Through a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature from the United States, I define TWCs and organize the topics that emerged from the literature into a catalog of TWCs. After defining what TWCs are, I employ findings from the narrative synthesis to discuss what TWCs are not. Additionally, I document sources of variation in operationalizing TWCs as well as areas of homogeneity in how researchers study TWCs. I find that researchers agree on the underlying concept of TWCs, vary widely in how they decompose the concept, and overwhelmingly use survey methods to study TWCs. Last, I offer three suggestions to consider in future research.

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Associations among Hypertension, Depression and Obesity in a sample of the U.S. adults

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v1i1.27 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyunmin Kim ◽

Jade Setias

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United States ◽

Cost Savings ◽

The United States ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Health Examination ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The U.S

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough there have been studies showing the determinants of obesity, there have been relatively little attention paid to other factors such as mental health disorders like depression and chronic illnesses like hypertension. In addition, there exists a controversy over the association between hypertension and depression. Thus, we have investigated the associations among hypertension, depression, and obesity by adjusting age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status. The data was from the 2011 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). MethodThis survey is conducted every year and in particular the data involves approximately 5,000 individuals of all ages in the United States, who completed the health examination component of the survey. We have utilized a logistic regression analysis to examine how hypertension, depression and obesity are associated one another. We have also used a proportional odds model to test how hypertension and depression may affect obesity. ResultThe main findings from the results of study are the following: first, being obese and feeling down, depressed or hopeless were associated with an increased likelihood of having hypertension and second, hypertension and depression may positively affect obesity. The findings suggest that as the determinants of obesity, depression and hypertension should be timely diagnosed and treated properly for considering the associations one another. By doing so, it can provide with the overall cost-savings and more importantly, people’s health.

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Focusing on Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of China, Australia, and the United States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15112565 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2565 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Shuai Han ◽

Hong Chen ◽

Maggie-Anne Harvey ◽

Eric Stemn ◽

David Cliff

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Health Management ◽

Coal Dust ◽

The United States ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Health Examination ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

The Usa ◽

Coal Workers

China has high and increasing annual rates of occupational lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis and silicosis. In contrast, Australia and the United States of America (USA) have greatly lowered their annual rates of lung diseases since the 1970s. This paper systematically compared and analysed the multi-elements of coal dust management and health management in these three countries to provide a reference for China. Regarding coal dust management, this paper found that coal workers in China are more susceptible to lung diseases compared to workers in the USA and Australia, considering fundamental aspects such as mine type, coal rank, and geological conditions. In addition, the controllable aspects such as advanced mitigation, monitoring methods, and the personal protective equipment of coal dust were relatively inadequate in China compared to the USA and Australia. Health management in China was found to have multiple deficiencies in health examination, co-governance, and compensations for coal workers suffering from lung diseases and healthcare for retired coal workers. These deficiencies may be attributed to insufficient medical resources, the Chinese government-dominated governance, ineffective procedures for obtaining compensation, and the lack of effective and preventive healthcare programs for the retired coal workers. Based on the USA and Australia experience, some suggestions for improvement were proposed.

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Descriptive Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hospitalizations With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in the United States, 2018

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab591 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marya D Zilberberg ◽

Brian H Nathanson ◽

Kate Sulham ◽

Andrew F Shorr

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Hospital Costs ◽

Complicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stratified Sample ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Hospitalizations with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) in the United States have increased. Though most often studied as a subset of cUTI, catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) afflicts a different population of patients and carries outcomes distinct from non-CA cUTI (nCAcUTI). We examined the epidemiology and outcomes of hospitalizations in these groups. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional multicenter study within the 2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US community hospitals, to explore characteristics and outcomes of patients discharged with a UTI diagnosis. We divided cUTI into mutually exclusive categories of nCAcUTI and CAUTI. We applied survey methods to develop national estimates. Results Among 2 837 385 discharges with a UTI code, 500 400 (17.6%, 19.8% principal diagnosis [PD]) were nCAcUTI and 126 120 (4.4%, 63.8% PD) were CAUTI. Though similar in age (CAUTI, 70.1 years; and nCAcUTI, 69.7 years), patients with nCAcUTI had lower comorbidity (mean Charlson, 4.3) than those with CAUTI (mean Charlson, 4.6). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) length of stay (LOS) was 5 (3–8) days in nCAcUTI and 5 (3–9) days in CAUTI. Overall median (IQR) hospital costs were similar in nCAcUTI ($9713 [$5923–$17 423]) and CAUTI ($9711 [$5969–$17 420]). Though low in both groups, hospital mortality was lower in nCAcUTI (2.8%) than in CAUTI (3.4%). Routine discharges home were higher in nCAcUTI (41.5%) than CAUTI (22.1%). Conclusions There are >626 000 hospital admissions with a cUTI, comprising ~1.8% of all annual admissions in the United States; 4/5 are nCAcUTI. Because CAUTI is frequently the reason for admission, preventive efforts are needed beyond the acute care setting.

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