scholarly journals Invited Commentary: Fundamental Causes, Social Context, and Modifiable Risk Factors in the Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Blood Pressure and Hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret T. Hicken
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Controlling Hypertension and Stroke Prevention – From Guideline to Clinical Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Anding Xu ◽  
Zefeng Tan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events

Hypertension is the most important of the prevalent and modifiable risk factors for stroke. Based on evidence, blood pressure (BP) lowering is recommended in guidelines for the prevention of stroke. However, there are still some uncertainties in the guidelines for controlling BP and preventing stroke in patients with previous cerebrovascular events, such as the goal BP, who to treat and which class of BP-lowering drugs to use. This article discusses these questions by reviewing guidelines and corresponding clinical trials, with the aim of reducing the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly in Guguak Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Debie Anggraini ◽  
Prima Adelin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

<p class="Default"><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><em>: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The most stringent primary CVD screening guidelines in developed countries use absolute CVD risk scores or coronary heart disease, such as Framingham or SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) there are two types of CVD risk factors namely modifiable risk factors and unmodified risk factors. <strong>The aim</strong> of the current study is to determine the profil of potentially modifiable and unmodified cardiovascular risk factors. <strong>Method</strong>: </em><em>This research consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The data taken is modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors </em><em>including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index </em><em>and lifestyle related risk factors such as </em><em>smoking habit</em><em>. We also take data of unmodified risk factors such as age and gender</em><em>. <strong>The result</strong>: t</em><em>his study consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The mean age of  elderly were 68</em><em>±</em><em>7.64861 years old that consisting of 29.3% men and 70.7% women, </em><em>34% of elderly with hypertension, the elderly with hypercholesterolemia 71%, hypertriglyceridemia 41%, and the elderly women with low HDL-C levels were 53%,  the elderly men with low HDL-C levels were 92%. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>There are two types of risk factors CVD, modifiable risk factors and nonmodifiable risk factors. </em><em>The modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors </em><em>including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index </em><em>and lifestyle related risk factors such as </em><em>smoking habit.</em></p>

Modifiable risk factors for intracranial aneurysms: Evidence from genetic studies

2022 ◽  
pp. 174749302110656
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Sun ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Linshuoshuo Lv ◽  
Ding Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Background: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a crucial health concern with limited strategies for prevention and treatment. Aim: To identify potentially modifiable risk factors, such as socioeconomic, behaviors, dietary, and cardiometabolic factors, for IA and its subtypes. Methods: Summary statistics for IA were derived from a genome-wide association study with an overall 79,429 participants. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with modifiable risk factors at genome-wide significance ( P = 5 × 10–8) were used as instrumental variables. The inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted-median method, Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, and multivariable MR analyses were performed to evaluate the effect estimates. Results: Genetically predicted educational attainment, insomnia, smoking, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were significantly associated with the risk of IA. The odds ratios (ORs) were 0.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.52) for educational attainment, 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08–1.23) for insomnia, 1.56 (95% CI: 1.38–1.75) for smoking initiation, 2.69 (95% CI: 1.77–4.07) for cigarette per day, 2.65 (95% CI: 1.72–4.08) for lifetime smoking, 1.07 (95% CI: 1.06–1.09), and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04–1.10) for SBP and DBP, respectively. Similar effect estimates were observed for unruptured IAs and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusions: This study provided genetic evidence that several modifiable risk factors, including blood pressure, smoking, educational attainment, and insomnia were associated with the risk of IA.

Some Aspects of Preventing Coronary Heart Disease

Angiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Agewall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Optimal Target ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
Geographic Regions

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world and that might also soon be the case in other parts of the world. There are several easily measured and potentially modifiable risk factors that account for a substantial proportion of the risk of CHD. The effect of risk factors interventions appears to be consistent in both genders, across different geographic regions, and by all ethnic groups, suggesting that approaches to prevention can be based on similar principles worldwide. Optimal target levels for serum cholesterol and blood pressure are not yet clear. Future risk CHD reduction will mainly be achieved by improved primary prevention.

scholarly journals Modifiable risk factors moderate the relationship between beta-amyloid and cognition in midlife

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay R. Clark ◽  
Rebecca L. Koscik ◽  
Samantha L. Allison ◽  
Sara E. Berman ◽  
Cynthia M. Carlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Pittsburgh Compound B ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAlthough evidence suggests a relationship between elevated beta-amyloid and cognitive decline, approximately 30% of older adults with positive markers of amyloid remain cognitively healthy. Our objective was to test if the presence of modifiable risk factors (i.e., central obesity, hypertension, and depressive symptoms) moderated the relationship between amyloid and longitudinal cognitive performance. Data were from 207 adults (140 females; age range=40-70) enriched for Alzheimer’s disease risk (73% parental history of Alzheimer’s disease) enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention study. Participants completed at least three neuropsychological evaluations and one biomarker visit ([C11]Pittsburgh Compound B PET scan or lumbar puncture). Participants were characterized as high or low on beta-amyloid using cutoffs developed for [C11]Pittsburgh Compound B-PET distribution volume ratio or CSF amyloid beta 1-42 values. Participants were also coded as high or low risk on obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm for males or 88 cm for females), hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression scale ≥ 16). Linear mixed effects regression models examined three-way interactions between modifiable risk factor status x beta-amyloid status x visit age on longitudinal Verbal Learning & Memory and Speed & Flexibility factor scores. Results indicated that the relationship between beta-amyloid and Verbal Learning & Memory decline was moderated by the presence of hypertension at baseline (p = .02), presence of hypertension at all visits (p = .001), and presence of obesity at all visits (p = .049). Depressive symptoms did not moderate the association between beta-amyloid and longitudinal Verbal Learning & Memory (p = .62) or Speed & Flexibility (p = .15) performances. In this at-risk for Alzheimer’s disease cohort, modifiable risk factors of hypertension and obesity moderated the relationship between beta-amyloid and cognitive decline. Identification and modification of these risk factors in late middle age may slow the effect of amyloid on the progression of cognitive symptoms.

Chinese Adults Are More Susceptible to Effects of Overall Obesity and Fat Distribution on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Zheng ◽  
Mian Li ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Jieli Lu ◽  
Tiange Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Context The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as diagnostic tools of obesity do not reflect the same level of fat mass and whether obesity leads to various effects on cardiometabolic risk factors among different racial/ethnic population is unknown. Objective The study aims to address the multicollinearity between BMI and WC by using the residual model approach and to assess and compare the effects of obesity metrics on cardiometabolic risk factors among different races/ethnicities. Design, setting, and participants Data from a nationally representative sample of mainland Chinese adults collected in 2010 and data from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey 2005-2016 were used. By conducting a regression analysis between WC and BMI, the variation of BMI was removed from WC measures and residual of WC was obtained. The associations between obesity metrics and cardiometabolic risk factors were compared among different races/ethnicities by sex. Results The residual WC was significantly associated with all the cardiometabolic risk factors in mainland Chinese, and most of the factors in non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black adults, but not in the other races/ethnicities. The standardized regression coefficients of the associations between obesity metrics and cardiometabolic factors showed that the obesity metrics had greater impact on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride in Chinese adults than those of other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions Chinese adults are more susceptible to the effects of overall obesity and fat distribution on cardiometabolic risk factors than the other racial/ethnic population.

scholarly journals A study on associations and influence of health determinants on systolic and diastolic blood pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4590
Author(s):  
Sreenivasa V. Yalamanchili
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension among Indian urban educated population and evaluate the association of various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on the development of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Methods: The retrospective study comprised of medical data obtained from 175 individuals who had undergone routine annual medical check-up during the period 2016 -2017. The data was analysed and interpreted using summary statistics, correlations and linear regression analysis. Most of the variables were measured values.Results: Out of 175 reports analysed, 40 (22.9%) individuals comprising of 29 males and 11 females were found to be hypertensives. Isolated systolic hypertension was present in 4 (2.3%) individuals, isolated diastolic hypertension in 26 (14.9%) individuals and in 10 (5.7%) individuals both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was raised. Significant correlations were observed. Multiple linear regression showed significant positive influence of DBP, age and BMI on SBP whereas serum vitamin D level and left ventricular cardiac ejection fraction was negatively influencing SBP (R²=0.638, p=0.000). furthermore, multiple regression analysis with DBP as the dependent variable showed SBP, and serum vitamin D level to be the significant influencing determinants (R²=0.602, p=0.000).Conclusions: The present study on the Influence of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on development of SBP and DBP improves knowledge for better preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Medical awareness of rural residents with arterial hypertension - the basis of disease prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
S Kh Sadreeva ◽  
D S Zinatullina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitors ◽  
Prevention Methods

Aim. Assessment of awareness of rural residents with arterial hypertension about the disease, risk factors for its development and prevention. Methods. The study involved 585 patients with arterial hypertension, who are rural residents of Krasnoyarskiy, Volzhskiy and Elkhovskiy districts of the Samara region in 2012-2016: 221 (37.8%) men and 364 (62.2%) women aged 25-65 years (average age 52.5±11.9 years). The disease duration was in average 7.7±3.24 years. The level of medical awareness of arterial hypertension, its risk factors and awareness of individual health indicators were studied using a specially designed questionnaire. Results. As a result of the survey, rural residents suffering from arterial hypertension had a low level of medical awareness: patients were aware of their disease and the main causes of its manifestations in 46.2%; of the main modifiable risk factors - in 17.6%. Of those who participated in the survey, women were more informed - 61.2% vs 38.8% of men (p=0.0431). 61.5% of all respondents had no blood pressure monitors and no skills of blood pressure measuring. The majority of rural residents (74.6%) are not aware of therapeutic training programs on arterial hypertension. Antihypertensive therapy in a significant portion of patients included two drugs, 73.8% of all respondents showed the desire and need for therapeutic training for secondary prevention of arterial hypertension and risk factors of its development, which involves the study and awareness of correction principles of modifiable risk factors of arterial hypertension, the principles of non-drug and drug treatment to reduce medical and social consequences of the disease - disability and mortality. Conclusion. Total medical awareness of the disease was 11.4±3.1 points; awareness of the main causes and manifestations of arterial hypertension was 46.2%, awareness of the main modifiable risk factors was 17.6%, among them men are less informed (38.8%) than women (61.2%; p=0.0431); 74.6% of all respondents did not know about the existence of therapeutic educational schools, among them men are less informed (30.3%) than women (69.7%; p=0.0271).

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