scholarly journals Medical awareness of rural residents with arterial hypertension - the basis of disease prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
S Kh Sadreeva ◽  
D S Zinatullina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitors ◽  
Prevention Methods

Aim. Assessment of awareness of rural residents with arterial hypertension about the disease, risk factors for its development and prevention. Methods. The study involved 585 patients with arterial hypertension, who are rural residents of Krasnoyarskiy, Volzhskiy and Elkhovskiy districts of the Samara region in 2012-2016: 221 (37.8%) men and 364 (62.2%) women aged 25-65 years (average age 52.5±11.9 years). The disease duration was in average 7.7±3.24 years. The level of medical awareness of arterial hypertension, its risk factors and awareness of individual health indicators were studied using a specially designed questionnaire. Results. As a result of the survey, rural residents suffering from arterial hypertension had a low level of medical awareness: patients were aware of their disease and the main causes of its manifestations in 46.2%; of the main modifiable risk factors - in 17.6%. Of those who participated in the survey, women were more informed - 61.2% vs 38.8% of men (p=0.0431). 61.5% of all respondents had no blood pressure monitors and no skills of blood pressure measuring. The majority of rural residents (74.6%) are not aware of therapeutic training programs on arterial hypertension. Antihypertensive therapy in a significant portion of patients included two drugs, 73.8% of all respondents showed the desire and need for therapeutic training for secondary prevention of arterial hypertension and risk factors of its development, which involves the study and awareness of correction principles of modifiable risk factors of arterial hypertension, the principles of non-drug and drug treatment to reduce medical and social consequences of the disease - disability and mortality. Conclusion. Total medical awareness of the disease was 11.4±3.1 points; awareness of the main causes and manifestations of arterial hypertension was 46.2%, awareness of the main modifiable risk factors was 17.6%, among them men are less informed (38.8%) than women (61.2%; p=0.0431); 74.6% of all respondents did not know about the existence of therapeutic educational schools, among them men are less informed (30.3%) than women (69.7%; p=0.0271).

Controlling Hypertension and Stroke Prevention – From Guideline to Clinical Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Anding Xu ◽  
Zefeng Tan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events

Hypertension is the most important of the prevalent and modifiable risk factors for stroke. Based on evidence, blood pressure (BP) lowering is recommended in guidelines for the prevention of stroke. However, there are still some uncertainties in the guidelines for controlling BP and preventing stroke in patients with previous cerebrovascular events, such as the goal BP, who to treat and which class of BP-lowering drugs to use. This article discusses these questions by reviewing guidelines and corresponding clinical trials, with the aim of reducing the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.

scholarly journals A Community-based Lifestyle Education Program Addressing Non-communicable Diseases in Low-literacy Areas of the South Pacific: A Pilot Control Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Lillian Kent ◽  
Pia Reierson ◽  
Darren Morton ◽  
Kesa Vasutoga ◽  
Paul Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Intervention Village ◽  
Control Village

Lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce chronic disease risk factors. This study examined the effectiveness of an established lifestyle intervention contextualized for low-literacy communities in Fiji. Ninety-six adults from four villages, with waist circumference (WC) indicative of risk of chronic disease, were randomly selected to an intervention or control group. Process evaluation indicated one intervention and one control village fulfilled the study protocol. There were no differences between intervention and control for body mass index BMI (P = 0.696), WC (P = 0.662), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.386), and TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (P = 0.485). The intervention village achieved greater reductions than the control village at 30 and 90 days for systolic blood pressure (30 days: −11.1% vs. −2.5%, P = 0.006; 90 days: −14.5% vs. −6.7%, P = 0.019); pulse rate (30 days: −7.0% vs. −1.1%, P = 0.866; 90 days: −7.1% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.027), and HDL (30 days: −13.9% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.206; 90 days: −18.9% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.001); at 90 days only for diastolic blood pressure (−14.4% vs. −0.2%, P = 0.010); at 30 days only for low-density lipoprotein (−11.6% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.009); and fasting plasma glucose (−10.2% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.032). However, for triglycerides, the control achieved greater reductions than the intervention village at 30 days (35.4% vs. −12.3%, P = 0.008; marginal at 90 days 16.4% vs. −23.5%, P = 0.054). This study provides preliminary evidence of the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the intervention to lower several risk factors for chronic disease over 30 days in rural settings in Fiji and supports consideration of larger studies.

Hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-283
Author(s):  
Laura A. Magee ◽  
Peter von Dadelszen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease

Pregnancy hypertension is associated with an estimated annual toll of 46,000 maternal and 2 million fetal, neonatal, and infant deaths. Over 99% of these deaths occur in less developed countries. The most dangerous form of pregnancy hypertension is pre-eclampsia, which, by international consensus, is defined more broadly than solely by proteinuric gestational hypertension to include markers of systemic target organ damage. Severe pre-eclampsia is defined by adverse features that mandate delivery irrespective of gestational age. There are numerous risk factors for pre-eclampsia and low-dose aspirin and, in women with low intake, calcium replacement appear to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and its complications. Time-of-disease risk estimation for women and, to a lesser extent, their fetuses, is possible to guide personalized decision-making and counselling. Heavy proteinuria is not an indication for delivery. Severe pregnancy hypertension must be treated as a matter of urgency. For all women with pregnancy hypertension, blood pressure should be normalized. Magnesium sulphate is the treatment to prevent and treat the seizures of eclampsia. Beyond viability, expectant management of pregnancy hypertension should be offered until 36+6 weeks of pregnancy. Women with either pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension at more than 37+0 weeks should be offered induction, while induction should be offered to women with chronic hypertension at 38–39 weeks. Blood pressure reaches its maximal postpartum levels on days 3–6 postpartum. All forms of pregnancy hypertension are risk factors for premature cardiovascular disease and mortality, especially if associated with either fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or stillbirth.

Modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease in women

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Heart Disease Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Heart Disease Risk

Research in human coronary heart disease has been conducted primarily on males; however, investigators have begun to focus research efforts on female subjects as well. A literature review that identified studies on women and coronary heart disease was done to describe modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease in women. Several modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and disorders of lipid metabolism previously identified for men are also risk factors for women. However, the mechanisms by which some of these risk factors work in women are different from those in men. Moreover, women have additional risk factors related to menopause and, in some cases, the use of oral contraceptives. Significant initial information has been gained concerning women and coronary heart disease risk factors. However, gaps persist in information regarding the individual and synergistic effects of risk factors for CHD in women.

scholarly journals Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liye Zou ◽  
Yangjie Zhang ◽  
Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽  
Albert S. Yeung ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: The improvement of living standards has led to increases in the prevalence of hypokinetic diseases. In particular, multifactorial complex diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, are becoming more prevalent. Currently, developing effective methods to combat or prevent metabolic syndrome is of critical public health importance. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the existing literature regarding the effects of Wuqinxi exercise on reducing risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Methods: Both English- and Chinese-language databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of Wuqinxi on these outcomes. Meanwhile, we extracted usable data for computing pooled effect size estimates, along with the random-effects model. Results: The synthesized results showed positive effects of Wuqinxi exercise on systolic blood pressure (SBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.85, p < 0.001, I2 = 24.06%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.00, p < 0.001, I2 = 61.28%), total plasma cholesterol (TC, SMD = 0.88, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.36, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.71%), triglyceride (TG, SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.24, p < 0.001, I2 = 67.22%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.27%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.46, p < 0.001, I2 = 82.27%). In addition, regression results showed that longer-duration Wuqinxi intervention significantly improved DBP (β = 0.00016, Q = 5.72, df = 1, p = 0.02), TC (β = −0.00010, Q = 9.03, df = 1, p = 0.01), TG (β = 0.00012, Q = 6.23, df = 1, p = 0.01), and LDL (β = 0.00011, Q = 5.52, df = 1, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Wuqinxi may be an effective intervention to alleviate the cardiovascular disease risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Associations of estimated Δ-5-desaturase and Δ-6-desaturase activities with stroke risk factors and risk of stroke: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Daneshmand ◽  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor Study ◽  
Factor Study ◽  
Heart Disease Risk

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of PUFA in reducing the risk of stroke is uncertain. The concentrations of PUFA in the human body are determined both by dietary intake and by activities of desaturase enzymes. Desaturase enzymes have been associated with chronic diseases, but little is known about their association with stroke risk. We investigated the associations of Δ-6-desaturase (D6D) and Δ-5-desaturase (D5D) activities with stroke risk factors and risk of stroke among 1842 men from the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, aged 42–60 years and free of CVD at baseline in 1984–1989. ANCOVA and Cox regression models were used for the analyses. Whole serum desaturase activities were estimated as product:precursor ratios – γ-linolenic acid:linoleic acid for D6D and arachidonic acid:dihomo-γ-linolenic acid for D5D. Higher D6D activity was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, serum insulin and TAG concentrations and worse homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indices. In contrast, higher D5D activity was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, serum insulin, LDL-cholesterol, TAG and C-reactive protein concentrations, higher HDL-cholesterol concentration, and better HOMA indices. During the mean follow-up of 21·2 years, 202 stroke cases occurred. Neither D6D activity (multivariable-adjusted extreme-quartile hazard ratios (HR) 1·18; 95 % CI 0·80, 1·74) nor D5D activity (HR 1·06; 95 % CI 0·70, 1·60) were associated with stroke risk. In conclusion, higher D5D activity was favourably associated and higher D6D activity unfavourably associated with several stroke risk factors, but not with the risk of incident stroke.

scholarly journals Association between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Virginia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Amna Umer ◽  
Candice Hamilton ◽  
Lesley Cottrell ◽  
Peter Giacobbi ◽  
Kim Innes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe reported associations between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship between birth weight and CVD risk factors at 11 years of age. This study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets (N = 22,136) in West Virginia; analysis was restricted to children born full-term (N = 19,583). The outcome variables included resting blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL, and triglycerides (TG)]. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for child’s body mass index (BMI), sociodemographics, and lifestyle characteristics. Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association between birth weight and SBP, DBP, HDL, and TG. When adjusted for the child’s BMI, the association between birth weight and HDL [b = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.18) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] and between birth weight and TG [b = –0.007 (–0.008, –0.005) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] remained statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model, low birth weight was associated with higher LDL, non-HDL, and TGs, and lower HDL levels. The child’s current BMI at 11 years of age partially (for HDL, non-HDL, and TG) and fully mediated (for SBP and DBP) the relationship between birth weight and select CVD risk factors. While effects were modest, these risk factors may persist and amplify with age, leading to potentially unfavorable consequences in later adulthood.

scholarly journals Weight Loss Efficacy of 4-Hour Versus 6-Hour Time Restricted Feeding in Adults with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 584-584
Author(s):  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Vasiliki Pavlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Metabolic Disease Risk ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives This study was undertaken to compare the effects of 4-h TRF to that of 6-h TRF on body weight, body composition, and metabolic disease risk factors in adults with obesity. We hypothesized that 4-h TRF would produce the greatest decreases in body weight, fat mass, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, compared to 6-h TRF. Methods Adults with obesity (n = 49) were randomized to 1 of 3 interventions for 8 weeks: 4-h TRF (ad libitum eating between 3:00 to 7:00 pm, water fasting between 7:00 to 3:00 pm); 6-h TRF (ad libitum eating between 1:00 to 7:00 pm, water fasting between 7:00 to 1:00 pm); or control (ad libitum food intake with no timing restrictions). Results Body weight decreased similarly in the 4-h TRF group (–3.3 ± 0.5%) and 6-h TRF group (–2.6 ± 0.5%) relative to controls over 8 weeks (P &lt; 0.001). Fat mass, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity also decreased in the 4-h TRF and 6-h TRF groups versus controls. LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and HbA1c were not significantly different from controls after 8 weeks. Conclusions This is the first trial to examine the effects of 4-h vs. 6-h TRF on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors. We show here that 8 weeks of 4-h and 6-h TRF decreases body weight by ∼3–4% relative to controls. We also demonstrate that this fasting regimen produces significant reductions in blood pressure, fat mass, insulin and insulin resistance. These preliminary data offer promise for the use of 4-h and 6-h TRF as a weight loss techniques in adults with obesity, but larger, longer-term trials are needed to confirm these findings. Funding Sources Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago

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