scholarly journals Height and Site-specific Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study of a Korean Adult Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sung ◽  
Y.-M. Song ◽  
D. A. Lawlor ◽  
G. D. Smith ◽  
S. Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Korean Adult

scholarly journals Resistance training and total and site-specific cancer risk: a prospective cohort study of 33,787 US men

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro F. M. Rezende ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
NaNa Keum ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
José Eluf-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer

scholarly journals Site-specific cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-651
Author(s):  
Suk Kyeong Kim ◽  
Ju-Young Jang ◽  
Dong-Lim Kim ◽  
Young A Rhyu ◽  
Suh Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer

scholarly journals Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and Cancer Risk in the Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-950
Author(s):  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Shoshana H Ballew ◽  
Yingying Sang ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
Corinne E Joshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Shared Risk

Abstract Few studies have comprehensively investigated the association of 2 key kidney disease measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with cancer incidence. In 8,935 participants at the baseline (1996–1998) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we quantified the associations of eGFR (based on creatinine and cystatin C) and ACR with cancer risk using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Due to changing guidelines for prostate cancer screening during the follow-up period, we investigated overall cancer, overall nonprostate cancer, and site-specific cancer. During a median follow-up of 14.7 years, 2,030 incident cancer cases occurred. In demographically adjusted models, low eGFR and high ACR were associated with cancer incidence (both overall and overall nonprostate cancer). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for other shared risk factors, with a significant association remaining only for ACR (≥103 compared with 5 mg/g) and overall nonprostate cancer. For site-specific cancer, only high ACR showed a significant association with lung and urinary tract cancers. Of these, the association between ACR and lung cancer appeared most robust in several sensitivity analyses. Kidney disease measures, particularly high ACR, were independently associated with cancer risk. The association between ACR and lung cancer was uniquely robust, warranting future studies to explore potential mechanisms.

scholarly journals Cancer risk in individuals with intellectual disability in Sweden: A population-based cohort study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003840
Author(s):  
Qianwei Liu ◽  
Hans-Olov Adami ◽  
Abraham Reichenberg ◽  
Alexander Kolevzon ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sibling Comparison ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background A knowledge gap exists about the risk of cancer in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). The primary aim of this study was to estimate the cancer risk among individuals with ID compared to individuals without ID. Methods and findings We conducted a population-based cohort study of all children live-born in Sweden between 1974 and 2013 and whose mothers were born in a Nordic country. All individuals were followed from birth until cancer diagnosis, emigration, death, or 31 December 2016 (up to age 43 years), whichever came first. Incident cancers were identified from the Swedish Cancer Register. We fitted Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as measures of cancer risk in relation to ID after adjusting for several potential confounders. We analyzed ID by severity, as well as idiopathic ID and syndromic ID separately. We performed a sibling comparison to investigate familial confounding. The study cohort included a total of 3,531,305 individuals, including 27,956 (0.8%) individuals diagnosed with ID. Compared with the reference group (individuals without ID and without a full sibling with ID), individuals with ID were in general more likely to be male. The median follow-up time was 8.9 and 23.0 years for individuals with ID and individuals without ID, respectively. A total of 188 cancer cases were identified among individuals with ID (incidence rate [IR], 62 per 1,000 person-years), and 24,960 among individuals in the reference group (IR, 31 per 1,000 person-years). A statistically significantly increased risk was observed for any cancer (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.35–1.82; P < 0.001), as well as for several cancer types, including cancers of the esophagus (HR 28.4, 95% CI 6.2–130.6; P < 0.001), stomach (HR 6.1, 95% CI 1.5–24.9; P = 0.013), small intestine (HR 12.0, 95% CI 2.9–50.1; P < 0.001), colon (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–4.1; P = 0.045), pancreas (HR 6.0, 95% CI 1.5–24.8; P = 0.013), uterus (HR 11.7, 95% CI 1.5–90.7; P = 0.019), kidney (HR 4.4, 95% CI 2.0–9.8; P < 0.001), central nervous system (HR 2.7, 95% CI 2.0–3.7; P < 0.001), and other or unspecified sites (HR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8–12.9; P = 0.002), as well as acute lymphoid leukemia (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.4; P = 0.003) and acute myeloid leukemia (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4–6.4; P = 0.004). Cancer risk was not modified by ID severity or sex but was higher for syndromic ID. The sibling comparison showed little support for familial confounding. The main study limitations were the limited statistical power for the analyses of specific cancer types, and the potential for underestimation of the studied associations (e.g., due to potential underdetection or delayed diagnosis of cancer among individuals with ID). Conclusions In this study, we found that individuals with ID showed an increased risk of any cancer, as well as of several specific cancer types. These findings suggest that extended surveillance and early intervention for cancer among individuals with ID are warranted.

Increased risk of site-specific cancer in people with type 2 diabetes: a national cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene Donata ◽  
Patasius Ausvydas ◽  
Zabuliene Lina ◽  
Smailyte Giedre
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
National Cohort

Using Immunotoxicity Information to Improve Cancer Risk Assessment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Zaccaria ◽  
Peter R. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Estimating cancer risk from environmental mixtures containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is challenging. Ideally, each mixture would undergo toxicity testing to derive a cancer slope factor (CSF) for use in site-specific cancer risk assessments. However, this whole mixture approach is extremely costly in terms of finances, time, and animal usage. Alternatively, if an untested mixture is “sufficiently similar” to a well-characterized mixture with a CSF, the “surrogate” CSF can be used in risk assessments. We propose that similarity between 2 mixtures could be established using an in vitro battery of genotoxic and nongenotoxic tests. An observed association between carcinogenicity and immunosuppression of PAHs suggests that the addition of immune suppression assays may improve this battery. First, using published studies of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and other PAHs, we demonstrated a correlation between the derived immune suppression relative potency factors (RPFs) for 9 PAHs and their respective cancer RPFs, confirming observations published previously. Second, we constructed an integrated knowledge map for immune suppression by BaP based on the available mechanistic information. The map illustrates the mechanistic complexities involved in BaP immunosuppression, suggesting that multiple in vitro tests of immune suppression involving different processes, cell types, and tissues will have greater predictive value for immune suppression in vivo than a single test. Based on these observations, research strategies are recommended to validate a battery of in vitro immune suppression tests that, along with tests for genotoxic and other nongenotoxic modes of cancer action, could be used to establish “sufficient similarity” of 2 mixtures for site-specific cancer risk assessments.

scholarly journals Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and site-specific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies

Oncotarget ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (35) ◽  
pp. 56915-56932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xie ◽  
Miao Mo ◽  
Hui-Xun Jia ◽  
Fei Liang ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite
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