scholarly journals Challenges in investigating the association between Agent Orange and cancer: Site-specific cancer risk and accuracy of exposure assessment

Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (23) ◽  
pp. 3595-3597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Sinks
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer

scholarly journals Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and Cancer Risk in the Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-950
Author(s):  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Shoshana H Ballew ◽  
Yingying Sang ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
Corinne E Joshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Shared Risk

Abstract Few studies have comprehensively investigated the association of 2 key kidney disease measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with cancer incidence. In 8,935 participants at the baseline (1996–1998) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we quantified the associations of eGFR (based on creatinine and cystatin C) and ACR with cancer risk using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Due to changing guidelines for prostate cancer screening during the follow-up period, we investigated overall cancer, overall nonprostate cancer, and site-specific cancer. During a median follow-up of 14.7 years, 2,030 incident cancer cases occurred. In demographically adjusted models, low eGFR and high ACR were associated with cancer incidence (both overall and overall nonprostate cancer). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for other shared risk factors, with a significant association remaining only for ACR (≥103 compared with 5 mg/g) and overall nonprostate cancer. For site-specific cancer, only high ACR showed a significant association with lung and urinary tract cancers. Of these, the association between ACR and lung cancer appeared most robust in several sensitivity analyses. Kidney disease measures, particularly high ACR, were independently associated with cancer risk. The association between ACR and lung cancer was uniquely robust, warranting future studies to explore potential mechanisms.

scholarly journals Resistance training and total and site-specific cancer risk: a prospective cohort study of 33,787 US men

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro F. M. Rezende ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
NaNa Keum ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
José Eluf-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer

scholarly journals Height and Site-specific Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study of a Korean Adult Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sung ◽  
Y.-M. Song ◽  
D. A. Lawlor ◽  
G. D. Smith ◽  
S. Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Korean Adult

Using Immunotoxicity Information to Improve Cancer Risk Assessment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Zaccaria ◽  
Peter R. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Estimating cancer risk from environmental mixtures containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is challenging. Ideally, each mixture would undergo toxicity testing to derive a cancer slope factor (CSF) for use in site-specific cancer risk assessments. However, this whole mixture approach is extremely costly in terms of finances, time, and animal usage. Alternatively, if an untested mixture is “sufficiently similar” to a well-characterized mixture with a CSF, the “surrogate” CSF can be used in risk assessments. We propose that similarity between 2 mixtures could be established using an in vitro battery of genotoxic and nongenotoxic tests. An observed association between carcinogenicity and immunosuppression of PAHs suggests that the addition of immune suppression assays may improve this battery. First, using published studies of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and other PAHs, we demonstrated a correlation between the derived immune suppression relative potency factors (RPFs) for 9 PAHs and their respective cancer RPFs, confirming observations published previously. Second, we constructed an integrated knowledge map for immune suppression by BaP based on the available mechanistic information. The map illustrates the mechanistic complexities involved in BaP immunosuppression, suggesting that multiple in vitro tests of immune suppression involving different processes, cell types, and tissues will have greater predictive value for immune suppression in vivo than a single test. Based on these observations, research strategies are recommended to validate a battery of in vitro immune suppression tests that, along with tests for genotoxic and other nongenotoxic modes of cancer action, could be used to establish “sufficient similarity” of 2 mixtures for site-specific cancer risk assessments.

scholarly journals Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and site-specific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies

Oncotarget ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (35) ◽  
pp. 56915-56932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xie ◽  
Miao Mo ◽  
Hui-Xun Jia ◽  
Fei Liang ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Heart Rate Recovery and Cancer Risk: Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Yong Hyun Byun ◽  
Sang Yeun Kim ◽  
Yejin Mok ◽  
Youngwon Kim ◽  
Sun Ha Jee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

This study aims to determine the association between 2-minute heart rate recovery (HRR) and cancer risk. Each participant (5379 women; 8485 men) provided HRR obtained from treadmill tests. The outcome was site-specific cancer. Over 9 years of follow-up, 630 cancer events (258 women) were accrued. Slower HRR was associated with increased thyroid cancer risk in women ( P for trend = .0121) and colorectal cancer risk in men ( P for trend = .0034). The lowest HRR (<13 bpm) had higher hazards of thyroid cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.28-3.77) in women and colorectal cancer (HR = 3.08; 95% CI = 1.32-7.15) in men. In women, slower HRR and lower proportions of heart rate recovery (PHRR) were associated with higher hazards of thyroid cancer in women and metabolically related cancers (liver and colorectal) in men. Slower HRR and lower PHRR were independent risk factors for thyroid cancer in women and metabolically related cancers in men.

Multivitamin Use and Overall and Site-Specific Cancer Risks in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-eun Lim ◽  
Stephanie J Weinstein ◽  
Linda M Liao ◽  
Rashmi Sinha ◽  
Jiaqi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Multivitamin Use

ABSTRACT Background Multivitamins are among the most commonly used supplements in the United States, but their effectiveness in preventing cancer remains unclear. Objectives We prospectively examined the association between multivitamin use and risks of overall and site-specific cancer in a large, well-characterized cohort to ascertain potential preventive or harmful relationships. Methods We examined 489,640 participants ages 50–71 in the NIH–American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Diet and Health Study who were enrolled from 1995 to 1998. We linked to 11 state cancer registries in order to identify incident cancers. Multivitamin use was assessed by a baseline questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models of multivitamin use were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for cancer risks in men and women, adjusted for potential confounders, including age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, the Healthy Eating Index 2015 score, and use of single-vitamin/-mineral supplements. Results A slightly higher overall cancer risk was observed in men (but not women) who consumed 1 or more multivitamins daily compared to nonusers [HRs, 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.07), respectively; P-trend = 0.002]. The latter reflected higher risks for prostate cancer (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 0.98–1.10; P-trend = 0.005), lung cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96–1.20; P-trend = 0.003), and leukemia (HR, 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02–1.57; P-trend = 0.003). Taking more than 1 multivitamin daily was also strongly positively associated with the risk of oropharyngeal cancer in women (HR, 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.24; P-trend &lt; 0.0001). By contrast, daily multivitamin use was inversely associated with the colon cancer risk in both sexes (HR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; P-trend = 0.0003). Conclusions We found little evidence to support a cancer-preventive role for multivitamin use, with the exception of colon cancer, in both sexes in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. In addition, slightly higher risks of overall, prostate, and lung cancer, as well as leukemia, were observed for greater multivitamin use in men, with a higher oropharyngeal cancer risk in women.

Radiation effects: Modulating factors and risk assessment - an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wakeford
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Radiation Induced

Following low dose or low dose-rate exposures to ionising radiation, the principal resulting radiation-related risk is cancer. Site-specific cancer risk models have been developed that describe how the radiation-induced risk of a particular cancer type varies with the relevant tissue-specific absorbed dose of radiation. The degree of risk will also be determined by the radiation quality and the dose-rate, factors that will vary between types of radiation and cancer. Risk models also include a number of intrinsic factors that modify the radiation-related excess risk - sex, age at exposure, time since exposure, and attained age - although not all these factors enter into each site-specific model. Of some importance is how the radiation-related excess risk is transferred between populations when background incidence rates differ. For most cancer types, expert groups consider that the radiation-related excess risk in a population depends, to some extent, upon the background incidence rate, and therefore that radiation interacts with at least some of the major risk factors that determine the background risk for a person. For example, the radiation-induced risk of lung cancer depends on the degree of individual exposure to tobacco smoke, but the implicit assumption of the currently accepted risk transfer models is that interactions are a general feature of radiation-related cancer risk.

scholarly journals 0493 Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Total and Site-specific Cancer Risk in Elderly Women: A Prospective Study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A197-A198
Author(s):  
Tianyi Huang ◽  
Brian Lin ◽  
Meir Stampfer ◽  
Eva Schernhammer ◽  
Richa Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
A Prospective Study
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