scholarly journals Association Between Midpregnancy Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder in a California Population-Based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Lyall ◽  
Gayle C Windham ◽  
Nathaniel W Snyder ◽  
Rostislav Kuskovsky ◽  
Peining Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical for brain development and have been linked with neurodevelopmental outcomes. We conducted a population-based case-control study in California to examine the association between PUFAs measured in midpregnancy serum samples and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. ASD cases (n = 499) were identified through the California Department of Developmental Services and matched to live-birth population controls (n = 502) on birth month, year (2010 or 2011), and sex. Logistic regression models were used to examine crude and adjusted associations. In secondary analyses, we examined ASD with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID; n = 67 and n = 432, respectively) and effect modification by sex and ethnicity. No clear patterns emerged, though there was a modest inverse association with the top quartile of linoleic acid level (highest quartile vs. lowest: adjusted odds ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.11; P for trend = 0.10). Lower levels of total and ω-3 PUFAs were associated with ASD with ID (lowest decile of total PUFAs vs. deciles 4–7: adjusted odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 6.82) but not ASD without ID. We did not observe evidence of effect modification by the factors examined. These findings do not suggest a strong association between midpregnancy PUFA levels and ASD. In further work, researchers should consider associations with ASD with ID and in other time windows.

scholarly journals Association of a Remotely Offered Infectious Diseases eConsult Service With Improved Clinical Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J Tande ◽  
Elie F Berbari ◽  
Priya Ramar ◽  
Shiva P Ponamgi ◽  
Umesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health System ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Consultative Service ◽  
Control Study

Abstract We performed a case–control study to evaluate an electronic, asynchronous infectious diseases consultative service at 2 rural hospitals within our health system. Patients with consultation via this platform (n = 100) had a significantly decreased odds of death at 30 days compared with propensity-matched controls (n = 300; adjusted odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.7; P = .003).

scholarly journals Outbreak of unusual H2S-negative monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain likely associated with small tomatoes, Sweden, August to October 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Colombe ◽  
Cecilia Jernberg ◽  
Emma Löf ◽  
Anna Lindqvist Angervall ◽  
Henrik Mellström-Dahlgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Typhimurium Strain ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Control Study

Sweden is investigating an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium. Eighty-two nationally-distributed cases have been confirmed, with date of symptom onset between 28 August and 29 October. Cases were 51 years of age on average (range: 0–89) and the majority of cases were female (62%). A case–control study was conducted and suggested small tomatoes as source of the outbreak (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.15-112.68, p value < 0.001), and a trace-back investigation led to a single, non-Swedish producer in Europe. Both the Salmonella strain and the source of the outbreak are rarely encountered in Europe. Results from investigation at the producer are pending.

Placental Gross Pathology in a Population Based Case-Control Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Placenta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. e48
Author(s):  
Serena Chen ◽  
Christine Chen ◽  
Mehrin Jan ◽  
Jennifer Feng ◽  
Joan Krickellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk of Enteric Infection in Patients with Gastric Acid Supressive Drugs: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Chia-Jung Kuo ◽  
Cheng-Yu Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Chen ◽  
Chiu-Yi Hsu ◽  
Sen-Yung Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Control Study

Long-term use of gastric-acid-suppressive drugs is known to be associated with several adverse effects. However, the association between enteric infection and acid suppression therapy is still uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between gastric acid suppression and the risk of enteric infection. Materials and Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study using the data from Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) in Taiwan. Between January 2008 and December 2017, a total of 154,590 adult inpatients (age > 18) were identified. A pool of potential eligible controls according to four propensity scores matching by sex, age, and index year were extracted (n = 89,925). Subjects with missing data or who received less than 7 days of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and/or H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) were excluded. Finally, 17,186 cases and 69,708 corresponding controls were selected for analysis. The use of PPIs and H2RAs, the result of microbiological samples, and co-morbidity conditions have been analyzed. Confounders were controlled by conditional logistic regression. Results: 32.84% of patients in the case group used PPIs, compared with 7.48% in the control group. Of patients in the case group, 9.9% used H2RAs, compared with 6.9% in the control group. Of patients in the case group, 8.3% used a combination of PPIs and H2RAs, compared with 2.7% in the control group. The most common etiological pathogens were Enterococcus (44.8%), Clostridioides difficile (34.5%), and Salmonella spp. (10.2%). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for PPI use with enteric infection was 5.526 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.274–5.791). For H2RAs, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.339 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.261–1.424). Compared to the control group, persons with enteric infection had more frequent acid-suppressive agent usage. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that gastric-acid-suppressive drug use is associated with an increased risk of enteric infection after adjusting for potential biases and confounders.

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