scholarly journals The Contribution of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage to Depressive Symptoms Over the Course of Adult Life: A 32-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (7) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Elovainio ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Christian Hakulinen ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Disadvantaged Area ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and increased risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood is well established. We tested 1) the contribution of early exposure to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage to later depressive symptoms throughout life, 2) the persistence of the potential association between early exposure and depressive symptoms, and 3) the contributions of other known risk factors to the association. Data were collected from the Young Finns Study, a prospective, population-based 32-year follow-up study that included participants aged 3–18 years at baseline in 1980. Participants were followed up with repeated measurements of depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012 (n = 2,788) and linked to national grid data on neighborhood disadvantage via residential addresses. We examined the associations in mixed models separately for the 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year follow-ups. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood during childhood and adolescence was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms in adulthood during all follow-up periods (β = 0.07, P = 0.001) than living in a nondisadvantaged area. Individual adulthood socioeconomic status mediated the associations. These findings suggest that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area during childhood and adolescence has a long-lasting negative association with mental health irrespective of family-related risks, partially due to socioeconomic adversity later in life.

Depressive symptoms in a treated multiple sclerosis cohort

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B Patten ◽  
Shanika Fridhandler ◽  
Cynthia A Beck ◽  
Luanne M Metz
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The University ◽  
Depression Ratings

Background: Recent side effect data from clinical trials of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis (MS) have failed to confirm that these medications are associated with an increased risk of depression. However, these studies have used highly selected samples and the results may not be generalizable to real world settings. Methods: C linical data on subjects from southern A lberta who have applied for, or are receiving, public reimbursement for MS treatment are maintained in a database at the University of C algary Multiple Sclerosis C linic. Depression ratings obtained using the C enter for Epidemiological Studies Depression Rating Scale (C ES-D) are included in this database. In the current analysis, these longitudinal data were used to determine whether depressive symptoms were associated with disease-modifying treatments. Results: A t baseline, ratings were available for 163 subjects. Those choosing interferon beta resembled those choosing glatiramer acetate in most respects. During follow-up, no differences were observed in the prevalence or incidence of depression and C ES-D scores were not found to differ between the treatment groups. Conclusions: The failure to identify higher rates of depression both in previous intervention studies and in the current observational study provides confirmation that these drugs are not substantially associated with the occurrence of depression.

scholarly journals The association of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up: The Maastricht Study

Diabetologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2315-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk F. J. Geraets ◽  
Sebastian Köhler ◽  
Rutendo Muzambi ◽  
Casper G. Schalkwijk ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Skin Autofluorescence ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Depression is twice as common in individuals with type 2 diabetes as in the general population. However, it remains unclear whether hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are directly involved in the aetiology of depression. Therefore, we investigated the association of markers of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, measured as continuous variables, with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up. Methods We used data from the longitudinal population-based Maastricht Study (n = 2848; mean age 59.9 ± 8.1 years, 48.8% women, 265 incident depression cases, 10,932 person-years of follow-up). We assessed hyperglycaemia by fasting and 2 h post-load OGTT glucose levels, HbA1c and skin autofluorescence (reflecting AGEs) at baseline. We used the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR to calculate insulin resistance at baseline. Depressive symptoms (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10) were assessed at baseline and annually over 4 years. We used Cox regression analyses, and adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors. Results Fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post-load glucose and HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk for incident depressive symptoms after full adjustment (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.08, 1.33]; HR 1.25 [1.08, 1.44]; and HR 1.22 [1.09, 1.37] per SD, respectively), while skin autofluorescence, insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR were not (HR 0.99 [0.86, 1.13]; HR 1.02 [0.85, 1.25]; and HR 0.93 [0.81, 1.08], per SD, respectively). Conclusions/interpretation The observed temporal association between hyperglycaemia and incident depressive symptoms in this study supports the presence of a mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and the development of depressive symptoms.

Early Sexual Abuse and Clinical Depression in Adult Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bifulco ◽  
G. W. Brown ◽  
Z. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
First Interview

Sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence was studied in 286 working-class mothers living in Islington, who were contacted on three occasions over a two-year period. The sample was collected primarily to study current vulnerability factors in the onset of depression, but childhood measures were also included to look at longer-term risk factors. Twenty-five women – 9% of the sample – reported sexual abuse involving physical contact before age 17 and, of these, 64% had case depression in a three-year period (which included the year before first interview). While such abuse was related to other earlier stressful experiences such as parental indifference, violence to the child and institutional stay, it was associated with an increased risk of depression over and above these factors. Sexual abuse before age 17 also related to having been divorced/separated or never having married/cohabited.

scholarly journals Impact of Personality Disorder Cluster on Depression Outcomes Within Collaborative Care Management Model of Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 215013271877687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merit P. George ◽  
Gregory M. Garrison ◽  
Zachary Merten ◽  
Dagoberto Heredia ◽  
Cesar Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Cluster A

Background: Previous studies have suggested that having a comorbid personality disorder (PD) along with major depression is associated with poorer depression outcomes relative to those without comorbid PD. However, few studies have examined the influence of specific PD cluster types. The purpose of the current study is to compare depression outcomes between cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C PD patients treated within a collaborative care management (CCM), relative to CCM patients without a PD diagnosis. The overarching goal was to identify cluster types that might confer a worse clinical prognosis. Methods: This retrospective chart review study examined 2826 adult patients with depression enrolled in CCM. The cohort was divided into 4 groups based on the presence of a comorbid PD diagnosis (cluster A/nonspecified, cluster B, cluster C, or no PD). Baseline clinical and demographic variables, along with 6-month follow-up Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) scores were obtained for all groups. Depression remission was defined as a PHQ-9 score <5 at 6 months, and persistent depressive symptoms (PDS) was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10 at 6 months. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were determined for both remission and PDS using logistic regression modeling for the 6-month PHQ-9 outcome, while retaining all study variables. Results: A total of 59 patients (2.1%) had a cluster A or nonspecified PD diagnosis, 122 patients (4.3%) had a cluster B diagnosis, 35 patients (1.2%) had a cluster C diagnosis, and 2610 patients (92.4%) did not have any PD diagnosis. The presence of a cluster A/nonspecified PD diagnosis was associated with a 62% lower likelihood of remission at 6 months (AOR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.20-0.70). The presence of a cluster B PD diagnosis was associated with a 71% lower likelihood of remission at 6 months (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.18-0.47). Conversely, having a cluster C diagnosis was not associated with a significantly lower likelihood of remission at 6 months (AOR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.42-1.65). Increased odds of having PDS at 6-month follow-up were seen with cluster A/nonspecified PD patients (AOR = 3.35; 95% CI 1.92-5.84) as well as cluster B patients (AOR = 3.66; 95% CI 2.45-5.47). However, cluster C patents did not have significantly increased odds of experiencing persistent depressive symptoms at 6-month follow-up (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.45-2.00). Conclusions: Out of the 3 clusters, the presence of a cluster B PD diagnosis was most significantly associated with poorer depression outcomes at 6-month follow-up, including reduced remission rates and increased risk for PDS. The cluster A/nonspecified PD group also showed poor outcomes; however, the heterogeneity of this subgroup with regard to PD features must be noted. The development of novel targeted interventions for at-risk clusters may be warranted in order to improve outcomes of these patients within the CCM model of care.

scholarly journals Effect of Anxiety and Depression on Survival of Cancer Patients, a 13 Year Follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Suriati Mohamed Saini ◽  
Susan Tan Mooi Koon ◽  
Mohamad Adam Bujang ◽  
Gerard Lim Chin Chye ◽  
Shalisah Sharip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Anxiety and depression occur at a high rate in cancer patients. However, debate remains regarding the effect of anxiety and depression on cancer survival. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the survival of cancer patients. Methods: The subjects consisted of 112 cancer patients who attended the Oncology and Radiotherapy outpatient clinic Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1999. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire at inception. Information on patients’ mortality status for extended 13 years follow-up (in 2011) was obtained from the National Registration Department death records. Overall survival for each anxiety and depressive symptoms scores in HADS at 13 years was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: Cancer patients experienced more anxiety (83%) compared to depressive symptoms (40.2%). The mean (S.D.) HADS scores for depressive symptoms were 9.9 (2.5), and the anxiety symptoms score was 12.6 (2.1). At 13 years, half of the patients (50.9%) had died. No significant effect of anxiety (p=0.399, 95% C.I.= 6.2-8.4) or depressive symptoms at inception (p=0.749, 95% C.I.= 5.9-8.4) towards cancer patients’ survival was found at 13 years follow-up. Conclusion: The occurrence of anxiety symptoms among cancer patients in this study was 2-folds higher than depressive symptoms. However, no significant increased risk of death was found in cancer patients with anxiety or depressive symptoms at 13 years follow-up. It may imply that as time extended, survival in cancer patients may be related to various interacting elements, and intervening health factors are of importance.

scholarly journals The association of APOE ε4 with cognitive function over the adult life course and incidence of dementia: 20 years follow-up of the Whitehall II study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Gharbi-Meliani ◽  
Aline Dugravot ◽  
Séverine Sabia ◽  
Melina Regy ◽  
Aurore Fayosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Approximately 25% of the general population carries at least one ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4), the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Beyond its association with late-onset dementia, the association between APOE ε4 and change in cognition over the adult life course remains uncertain. This study aims to examine whether the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 zygosity and cognition function is modified between midlife and old age. Methods A cohort study of 5561 participants (mean age 55.5 (SD = 5.9) years, 27.1% women) with APOE genotyping and repeated cognitive tests for reasoning, memory, and semantic and phonemic fluency, during a mean (SD) follow-up of 20.2 (2.8) years (the Whitehall II study). We used joint models to examine the association of APOE genotype with cognitive function trajectories between 45 and 85 years taking drop-out, dementia, and death into account and Fine and Gray models to examine associations with dementia. Results Compared to non-carriers, heterozygote (prevalence 25%) and homozygote (prevalence 2%) APOE ε4 carriers had increased risk of dementia, sub-distribution hazard ratios 2.19 (95% CI 1.73, 2.77) and 5.97 (95% CI 3.85, 9.28) respectively. Using data spanning 45–85 years with non-ε4 carriers as the reference, ε4 homozygotes had poorer global cognitive score starting from 65 years; ε4 heterozygotes had better scores between 45 and 55 years, then no difference until poorer cognitive scores from 75 years onwards. In analysis of individual cognitive tests, better cognitive performance in the younger ε4 heterozygotes was primarily attributable to executive function. Conclusions Both heterozygous and homozygous ε4 carriers had poorer cognition and greater risk of dementia at older ages. Our findings show some support for a complex antagonist pleiotropic effect of APOE ε4 heterozygosity over the adult life course, characterized by cognitive advantage in midlife.

scholarly journals Are Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism at Risk of Depressive Symptoms?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wildisen ◽  
E Moutzouri ◽  
S Beglinger ◽  
L Syrogiannouli ◽  
S Klöppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis

Abstract Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) may be associated with negative health outcomes including depressive symptoms. However, the evidence is conflicting. Methods We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to assess the association between SHypo and depressive symptoms. We requested IPD from cohorts identified through a systematic literature search. The exposure was thyroid function at baseline (SHypo vs. euthyroid; SHypo defined as thyroid stimulating hormone ≥ 4.5 mlU/L, in combination with normal free thyroxine). The outcome was depressive symptoms at first follow-up, measured on any validated scale. We calculated conversion factors to convert all scores into the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale (range: 0-63, higher scores indicate more depression, minimal clinically important difference: 5). We performed a two-stage IPD meta-analysis. In each cohort, we estimated the mean difference (MD) in depressive symptoms scores between those with SHypo and euthyroid controls adjusted for depressive symptoms at baseline. Further, we adjusted the multivariable linear regression analysis for age, sex, education, and income. We pooled the study effect estimates by using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2. Results Among six cohorts, we analyzed data from 23,367 participants (65% female, mean age 60.3±13.2 years, SHypo N = 1,463). There was no difference in BDI scores between SHypo (10.6) and controls (10.2) at baseline. After a mean follow-up of 8.2±4.3 years, BDI scores did not differ between SHypo and controls (pooled MD 0.3, 95% CI -0.2 to 0.7, I2 14%). Results remained robust in several sensitivity analyses, and no subgroup at increased risk for depressive symptoms could be identified. Conclusions In this IPD meta-analysis, SHypo was not associated with the development of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms do not seem to be an indication for levothyroxine therapy in SHypo. PROSPERO: CRD42018091627 Key messages Individual studies about the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and depressive symptoms show conflicting results. In this IPD meta-analysis from six prospective cohort studies, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism did not have an increased risk to develop depressive symptoms during a mean follow-up of 8 years.

The Long-Term Impact of Early Life Stress on Orbitofrontal Cortical Thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1317
Author(s):  
Maximilian Monninger ◽  
Eline J Kraaijenvanger ◽  
Tania M Pollok ◽  
Regina Boecker-Schlier ◽  
Christine Jennen-Steinmetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Early adversity has been related to brain structure alterations and to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a key region for emotional processing, with structural alterations being described in several mental disorders. However, little is known about how its cortical thickness (CT) is affected by the long-term impact of life stress (LS) at different developmental stages. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of LS during infancy, childhood, and adolescence on CT alterations in the OFC and on psychopathology in 190 adults of an ongoing prospective cohort study. Chronic stressful life events were assessed in regular intervals. Participants rated depressive symptoms at the ages of 22 and 23 years. Morphometric data were collected at the participants’ age of 25 years. Chronic LS during infancy was associated with reduced CT in the right OFC and increased depressive symptoms. Moreover, the impact of chronic LS during infancy on OFC thickness was partially mediated by depressive symptoms in adulthood, suggesting an interplay of early LS, psychopathology, and CT alterations. Our findings highlight the long-term impact of early LS on an affective core brain structure and psychopathology later in life.

Childhood and adolescence risk factors and development of depressive symptoms: the 32-year prospective Young Finns follow-up study

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Elovainio ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽  
Christian Hakulinen ◽  
Jane E Ferrie ◽  
Markus Jokela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Follow Up Study
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