3 Estimating the Burden of Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i1-i6
Author(s):  
Y Xiang ◽  
K Chan ◽  
I Rudan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Policy And Planning

Abstract Background and Objectives Rapid increase in life expectancy has resulted in an increase in the global burden of dementia that is expected to become a leading cause of morbidity in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are expected to bear an increasing majority of the burden, but lack data for accurate burden estimates that are key for informing policy and planning. Bayesian methods have recently gained recognition over traditional frequentist approaches for modelling disease burden for their superiority in dealing with severely limited data. This study provides updated estimates of dementia prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for the years 2015, 2020 and 2030. Given the paucity of data, estimates were developed using a Bayesian methodology and confirmed by the traditional frequentist approach, with the aim of providing methodological insights for future disease burden estimates. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant primary studies published between the years 2010–2018. The quality of the included studies was critically assessed. A random-effects model (REM) and a Bayesian normal-normal hierarchical model (NNHM) were used to obtain the pooled prevalence estimate of dementia for people aged 60 and above. The latter model was also developed to estimate age-specific dementia prevalence. Using UN population estimates, total and age-specific projections of the burden of dementia were calculated. Results The prevalence of dementia in LAC was found to be 14% (10–21%) in those above age 60 based on REM, and 8% (5–11.5%) based on NNHM. The prevalence increased from 2% (1–4%) in people aged 60–69 to 29% (20–37%) in people above the age of 80. The number of people living with dementia in LAC in 2015 was estimated at 5.68 million, with future projections of 6.86 million in 2020 and 9.94 million in 2030. Conclusions The findings of this review found that burden of dementia in LAC is substantial and continues to rapidly grow. The projected rise in dementia cases in the future should prompt urgent governmental response to address this growing public health issue. We were also able to demonstrate that given the overall paucity of data, a Bayesian approach was superior for estimating disease prevalence and burden.

scholarly journals A systematic review of population-based studies on lipid profiles in Latin America and the Caribbean

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco ◽  
C Joel Benites-Moya ◽  
Cecilia Anza-Ramirez ◽  
Leonardo Albitres-Flores ◽  
Diana Sánchez-Velazco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
The Caribbean

We aimed to study time trends and levels of mean total cholesterol and lipid fractions, and dyslipidaemias prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Systematic-review and meta-analysis of population-based studies in which lipid (total cholesterol [TC; 86 studies; 168,553 people], HDL-Cholesterol [HDL-C; 84 studies; 121,282 people], LDL-Cholesterol [LDL-C; 61 studies; 86,854 people], and triglycerides [TG; 84 studies; 121,009 people]) levels and prevalences were laboratory-based. We used Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Medline and Global Health; studies were from 1964 to 2016. Pooled means and prevalences were estimated for lipid biomarkers from ≥2005. The pooled means (mg/dl) were 193 for TC, 120 for LDL-C, 47 for HDL-C, and 139 for TG; no strong trends. The pooled prevalence estimates were 21% for high TC, 20% for high LDL-C, 48% for low HDL-C, and 21% for high TG; no strong trends. These results may help strengthen programs for dyslipidaemias prevention/management in LAC.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analyses on the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and Caribbean countries: Exploring sex, rurality, age, and education as possible determinants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana S Ribeiro ◽  
Ana C. Teixeira-Santos ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Anja K. Leist
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

Background: Studies have shown that the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) may be higher than in high-income countries. Thus, we sought to systematically analyse the prevalence of dementia and explore possible drivers that lead to this disparity in LAC countries. Method: We searched Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Lilacs, and SciELO for studies on dementia in LAC countries in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages. Random-effects model was applied. Results: Twenty-nine studies from 12 LAC countries were included. Pooled prevalence of all-cause dementia was 11%. Further analyses with studies providing raw prevalence by sex, area, and educational level showed a higher prevalence for women (9%) than for men (5%). Also, dementia prevalence was higher for rural than urban residents (12% vs 8%, respectively). Participants without formal education presented more than double the prevalence of dementia (22%) compared to those with at least one year of formal education (10%). Studies with more recent data collection showed higher dementia prevalence. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a high global dementia prevalence in LAC countries and an unequal burden of dementia for women, lower-educated, and rural residents. Secular raises in dementia prevalence call for increased public health efforts for preventative action.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dementia Among the Elderly in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 482-482
Author(s):  
Fabiana Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Carolina Teixeira-Santos ◽  
Anja Leist
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

Abstract Background Over the last decades, life expectancy in Latin America and the Caribbean showed a rapid increase, which led to a significant increase in the number of people with dementia. Moreover, 9% of the population in this part of the world are aged 65 or older, and by 2050 this percentage is projected to at least double. For this reason, it is essential to estimate the prevalence of dementia in LAC countries with the aim to determine suitable actions to enhance the quality of life of those affected. Methods Database searches for articles were conducted September 2020 throughout Pubmed, Web of knowledge, Scopus, Lilacs, and SciELO. The inclusion criteria comprised population- or community-based studies, published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, reporting data on the prevalence of dementia collected in LAC countries. The complete data search retrieved 1719 non-duplicates. Results A total of 58 studies met the high-quality inclusion criteria, published 1991-2020, including participants in the following countries: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica. The most common form of dementia studied was Alzheimer’s disease with prevalence ranging from 5.9% to 23.4%. Estimates differed by age, gender, and education, with oldest, women, and lower-educated adults living in rural areas presenting higher dementia prevalence. Conclusion This is the first study giving a comprehensive overview of dementia prevalence in LAC countries, which is relevant to estimate care needs and economic costs related to dementia treatment and care.

scholarly journals Actual and predicted prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Svetlana Popova ◽  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Navrose Heer ◽  
Michael Roerecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Data Prediction ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population of Latin America and the Caribbean, by country, in 2012.MethodsThree steps were taken: a comprehensive, systematic literature search; meta-analyses, assuming a random-effects model for countries with published studies; and regression modelling (data prediction) for countries with either no published studies or too few to obtain an estimate.ResultsBased on 24 existing studies, the pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population was estimated for Brazil (15.2%; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 10.4%–20.8%) and Mexico (1.2%; 95%CI: 0.0%–2.7%). The prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population was predicted for 31 countries and ranged from 4.8% (95%CI: 4.2%–5.4%) in Cuba to 23.3% (95%CI: 20.1%–26.5%) in Grenada.ConclusionsGreater prevention efforts and measures are needed in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean to prevent pregnant women from consuming alcohol during pregnancy and decrease the rates of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Additional high quality studies on the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean are also needed.

Epidemiology of acute otitis media in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1062-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Bardach ◽  
Agustín Ciapponi ◽  
Sebastian Garcia-Marti ◽  
Demian Glujovsky ◽  
Agustina Mazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals The prevalence of personality disorders in the community: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Winsper ◽  
Ayten Bilgin ◽  
Andrew Thompson ◽  
Steven Marwaha ◽  
Andrew M. Chanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

BackgroundPersonality disorders are now internationally recognised as a mental health priority. Nevertheless, there are no systematic reviews examining the global prevalence of personality disorders.AimsTo calculate the worldwide prevalence of personality disorders and examine whether rates vary between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodWe systematically searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed from January 1980 to May 2018 to identify articles reporting personality disorder prevalence rates in community populations (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017065094).ResultsA total of 46 studies (from 21 different countries spanning 6 continents) satisfied inclusion criteria. The worldwide pooled prevalence of any personality disorder was 7.8% (95% CI 6.1–9.5). Rates were greater in high-income countries (9.6%, 95% CI 7.9–11.3%) compared with LMICs (4.3%, 95% CI 2.6–6.1%). In univariate meta-regressions, significant heterogeneity was partly attributable to study design (two-stage v. one-stage assessment), county income (high-income countries v. LMICs) and interview administration (clinician v. trained graduate). In multiple meta-regression analysis, study design remained a significant predictor of heterogeneity. Global rates of cluster A, B and C personality disorders were 3.8% (95% CI 3.2, 4.4%), 2.8% (1.6, 3.7%) and 5.0% (4.2, 5.9%).ConclusionsPersonality disorders are prevalent globally. Nevertheless, pooled prevalence rates should be interpreted with caution due to high levels of heterogeneity. More large-scale studies with standardised methodologies are now needed to increase our understanding of population needs and regional variations.

Soviet Interests in Latin America: New Opportunities and Old Constraints

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Raymond Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The U.S

The October 1983 crisis in Grenada left little doubt that the Soviet and Cuban presence had been expanding in the Caribbean basin. But the October crisis did not answer questions regarding the extent of their actual influence there, nor the direction it might take in the future, nor even what the most appropriate U.S. policy responses should be to that influence elsewhere in the region. Therefore, in the wake of the U.S. occupation of Grenada and the evidence it uncovered about the degree of Soviet and Cuban activity there, it is useful to examine the kind of situations that have encouraged the Soviets to expand their presence and/or influence in Latin America. At the same time, it equally is useful to examine the limitations or constraints on such an expanded presence or influence.Clearly, Soviet policy in Latin America has been the product of two conflicting forces or tendencies.

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