scholarly journals Strangled by Dr Strangelove? Anarchic hand following a posterior cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhairi Murdoch ◽  
Jenny Hill ◽  
Mark Barber
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Alien Hand Syndrome ◽  
Alien Hand ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Anarchic hand is a rare condition where the complex movements of one hand appear to be goal directed and smoothly executed and yet are unintended and unwanted. Unlike alien hand syndrome, the patients recognise that the affected hand is part of their own body. They know the hand is theirs, but they deny having control over its actions. The syndrome has been reported after surgery on the corpus callosum and with brain tumours, aneurysms, degenerative diseases of the brain and uncommonly with stroke. We present a case of a 74-year-old man who developed an anarchic right hand following thrombolysis for a posterior cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke.

Ego-syntonic alien hand syndrome after right posterior cerebral artery stroke

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Groom ◽  
Wing K. Ng ◽  
C.George Kevorkian ◽  
Joel K. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Alien Hand Syndrome ◽  
Alien Hand

Abstract 166: Endothelial Overexpression of LOX-1 Increases Stroke Size in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Akhmedov ◽  
Remo D Spescha ◽  
Francesco Paneni ◽  
Giovani G Camici ◽  
Thomas F Luescher
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

Background— Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and long term disability worldwide primarily affecting the elderly population. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is the receptor for oxidized LDL identified in endothelial cells. Binding of OxLDL to LOX-1 induces several cellular events in endothelial cells, such as activation of transcription factor NF-kB, upregulation of MCP-1, and reduction in intracellular NO. Accumulating evidence suggests that LOX-1 is involved in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, atherogenesis, myocardial infarction, and intimal thickening after balloon catheter injury. Interestingly, a recent study demonstrated that acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), which could prevent ischemic stroke, inhibited Ox-LDL-mediated LOX-1 expression in human coronary endothelial cells. The expression of LOX-1 was increased at a transient ischemic core site in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These data suggest that LOX-1 expression induces atherosclerosis in the brain and is the precipitating cause of ischemic stroke. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the role of endothelial LOX-1 in stroke using experimental mouse model. Methods and Results— 12-week-old male LOX-1TG generated recently in our group and wild-type (WT) mice were applied for a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to induce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury. LOX-1TG mice developed 24h post-MCAO significantly larger infarcts in the brain compared to WT (81.51±8.84 vs. 46.41±10.13, n=7, p < 0.05) as assessed morphologically using Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Moreover, LOX-1TG showed higher neurological deficit in RotaRod (35.57±8.92 vs. 66.14±10.63, n=7, p < 0.05) and Bederson tests (2.22±0.14 vs. 1.25±0.30, n=9-12, p < 0.05) - two experimental physiological tests for neurological function. Conclusions— Thus, our data suggest that LOX-1 plays a critical role in the ischemic stroke when expressed at unphysiological levels. Such LOX-1 -associated phenotype could be due to the endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, LOX-1 may represent novel therapeutic targets for preventing ischemic stroke.

Unusual acute ischemic stroke of the ipsilateral middle and posterior cerebral artery territory

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens Hermie ◽  
Jeroen De Groote ◽  
Bert Geerts ◽  
Peter Vanlangenhove
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery

scholarly journals Endogenous THBD (Thrombomodulin) Mediates Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Brain—Brief Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2837-2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wenzel ◽  
Dimitrios Spyropoulos ◽  
Julian Christopher Assmann ◽  
Mahtab Ahmad Khan ◽  
Ines Stölting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Stroke Outcome ◽  
Brain Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Infarct Area ◽  
The Brain

Objective: THBD (thrombomodulin) is part of the anticoagulant protein C-system that acts at the endothelium and is involved in anti-inflammatory and barrier-stabilizing processes. A recombinant soluble form of THBD was shown to have protective effects in different organs, but how the endogenous THBD is regulated during ischemia, particularly in the brain is not known to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of THBD, especially in brain endothelial cells, during ischemic stroke. Approach and Results: To induce ischemic brain damage, we occluded the middle cerebral artery of mice. We found an increased endothelial expression of Thbd in the peri-infarct area, whereas in the core of the ischemic tissue Thbd expression was decreased compared with the contralateral side. We generated a novel Cre/loxP-based mouse line that allows for the inducible deletion of Thbd specifically in brain endothelial cells, which worsened stroke outcome 48 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Unexpectedly, we found no signs of increased coagulation, thrombosis, or inflammation in the brain but decreased vessel diameters and impaired angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area that led to a reduced overall vessel length 1 week after stroke induction. Conclusions: Endogenous THBD acts as a protective factor in the brain during ischemic stroke and enhances vessel diameter and proliferation. These previously unknown properties of THBD could offer new opportunities to affect vessel function after ischemia and thereby improve stroke outcome.

scholarly journals Multispectral molecular imaging of capillary endothelium to facilitate preoperative endovascular brain mapping

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles Manning ◽  
Sheila D. Shay ◽  
Robert A. Mericle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Imaging Probe ◽  
The Brain

Object Brain mapping aims to localize neurological function to specific regions of the human brain. Preoperative endovascular brain mapping (PEBM) is a novel approach that allows clear visualization of nonfunctional (silent) brain parenchyma in real time during a resection. It has potential to improve neurosurgical guidance because brain shift does not alter the maps, and the map is visualized directly on the brain in situ rather than on a nearby image. Therefore, the risk of a new neurological deficit should be reduced. The authors report the first PEBM approach that combines selective molecular targeting of brain endothelium with multispectral (optical) imaging in preclinical animal models. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits were selectively catheterized, and a fluorescein isothiocyanate–derivatized tomato lectin–based imaging probe was administered into the carotid artery or posterior cerebral artery, measuring < 500 μm in diameter. After binding/uptake of the imaging probe, and removal of unbound probe, a craniotomy was performed to directly visualize the “brain map.” Results Selective localization of the imaging probe to the right hemisphere in rats or right posterior cerebral artery in rabbits was clearly visualized after craniotomy. Cross-sections of stained capillaries demonstrated that the imaging probe did not cause vascular occlusion. Gross regional selectivity of the imaging probe was documented by multispectral molecular imaging of intact brains, with discrete localization and endothelium-directed targeting validated by histological examination. Conclusions The authors have demonstrated the first molecular endothelium-targeted approach to PEBM that does not require manipulation of the intact blood-brain barrier or result in vascular occlusion. Furthermore, the presented multispectral molecular imaging technique appears to be a suitable methodology for the generation of region-selective brain maps of vascularized brain parenchyma. Further refinement of the PEBM approach, as well as the development of improved imaging probes, may result in clinical advancement of PEBM where direct visual discrimination of nonfunctional silent brain parenchyma at the time of resection could significantly improve neurosurgical outcomes.

Recovery and outcome of frontal alien hand syndrome after anterior cerebral artery stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 338 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Nowak ◽  
Kathrin Bösl ◽  
Jitka Lüdemann-Podubecka ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Gdynia ◽  
Matthias Ponfick
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Alien Hand Syndrome ◽  
Alien Hand
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