scholarly journals Protein Quantity and Source, Fasting-Mimicking Diets, and Longevity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S340-S350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brandhorst ◽  
Valter D Longo
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Normal Food ◽  
Dietary Modifications

ABSTRACT Dietary modifications, including caloric restriction, dietary restriction, various intervals of fasting, and even limiting the time when food is consumed can have a pronounced impact on longevity. In addition, dietary modifications are powerful interventions to delay, prevent, or treat many aging-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Restricting amino acid and protein intake generally decreases aging-related comorbidities and thereby increases health and longevity. However, chronic dietary interventions are likely not feasible for most people due to low adherence to dietary protocols or resistance to drastic changes to lifestyle, and might even cause detrimental effects, possibly by negatively affecting the immune system and wound healing. The periodic use of low-protein, low-calorie fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) has the potential to promote health benefits, while minimizing the burden of chronic restriction. Protein restriction and FMDs together have the potential to play an important complementary role in medicine by promoting disease prevention and treatment, and by delaying the aging process at least in part by stimulating stem cell–based regeneration in periods of normal food intake after periodic FMD cycles. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize research on the impact of protein restriction on health and longevity in model organisms and to discuss the implementation of an FMD in mice and in human clinical trials and its effects on biomarkers of healthy aging. Taking into account the importance of sex on aging and diet, we include this information in all discussed studies. Whereas for some model organisms of aging, such as rodents, many studies are available, results are more limited for primates and/or humans.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in CKD Patients on Low-Protein Diets in a Multiple-Choice Diet System. Comparison between a French and an Italian Experience

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Antioco Fois ◽  
Massimo Torreggiani ◽  
Tiziana Trabace ◽  
Antoine Chatrenet ◽  
Elisa Longhitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
The Impact

Prescribing a low-protein diet (LPD) is part of the standard management of patients in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, studies on the quality of life (QoL) of patients on LPDs are lacking, and the impact these diets have on their QoL is often given as a reason for not prescribing one. We, therefore, decided to assess the QoL in a cohort of CKD stage 3–5 patients followed up by a multiple-choice diet approach in an outpatient nephrology clinic in France. To do so, we used the short version of the World Health Organization’s quality of life questionnaire and compared the results with a historical cohort of Italian patients. We enrolled 153 patients, managed with tailored protein restriction in Le Mans, and compared them with 128 patients on similar diets who had been followed in Turin (Italy). We found there were no significant differences in terms of age (median 73 vs. 74 years, respectively), gender, CKD stage, and comorbidities (Charlson’s Comorbidity Index 7 vs. 6). French patients displayed a greater body mass index (29.0 vs. 25.4, p < 0.001) and prevalence of obesity (41.2 vs. 15.0%, p < 0.001). Baseline protein intake was over the target in France (1.2 g/kg of real body weight/day). In both cohorts, the burden of comorbidities was associated with poorer physical health perception while kidney function was inversely correlated to satisfaction with social life, independently of the type of diet. Our study suggests that the type of LPD they follow does not influence QoL in CKD patients and that a personalized approach towards protein restriction is feasible, even in elderly patients.

scholarly journals The “Virtual Digital Twins” Concept in Precision Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Gkouskou ◽  
Ioannis Vlastos ◽  
Petros Karkalousos ◽  
Dimitrios Chaniotis ◽  
Despina Sanoudou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Nutritional and lifestyle changes remain at the core of healthy aging and disease prevention. Accumulating evidence underscores the impact of genetic, metabolic, and host gut microbial factors on individual responses to nutrients, paving the way for the stratification of nutritional guidelines. However, technological advances that incorporate biological, nutritional, lifestyle, and health data at an unprecedented scale and depth conceptualize a future where preventative dietary interventions will exceed stratification and will be highly individualized. We herein discuss how genetic information combined with longitudinal metabolomic, immune, behavioral, and gut microbial parameters, and bioclinical variables could define a digital replica of oneself, a “virtual digital twin,” which could serve to guide nutrition in a personalized manner. Such a model may revolutionize the management of obesity and its comorbidities, and provide a pillar for healthy aging.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein, Exercise, and Frailty Domains

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josje D. Schoufour ◽  
Elvera Overdevest ◽  
Peter J. M. Weijs ◽  
Michael Tieland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Impact

Increasing awareness of the impact of frailty on elderly people resulted in research focusing on factors that contribute to the development and persistence of frailty including nutrition and physical activity. Most effort so far has been spent on understanding the association between protein intake and the physical domain of frailty. Far less is known for other domains of frailty: cognition, mood, social health and comorbidity. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we elaborate on the evidence currently known on the association between protein and exercise as well as the broader concept of frailty. Most, but not all, identified studies concluded that low protein intake is associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of physical frailty. Far less is known on the broader concept of frailty. The few studies that do look into this association find a clear beneficial effect of physical activity but no conclusions regarding protein intake can be made yet. Similar, for other important aspects of frailty including mood, cognition, and comorbidity, the number of studies are limited and results are inconclusive. Future studies need to focus on the relation between dietary protein and the broader concept of frailty and should also consider the protein source, amount and timing.

scholarly journals Low Protein Intake: The Impact on Calcium and Bone Homeostasis in Humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 855S-861S ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Kerstetter ◽  
Kimberly O. O'Brien ◽  
Karl L. Insogna
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Impact

Impact of physical activity, protein intake and social network and their combination on the development of frailty

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Sandra Haider ◽  
Igor Grabovac ◽  
Deborah Drgac ◽  
Christine Mogg ◽  
Moritz Oberndorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Geriatric Condition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Frailty is a geriatric condition associated with adverse health outcomes. As physical inactivity, low protein intake and poor social network are known risk factors, we aimed to assess the influence of these parameters and their interaction in an 11-year follow-up study on a Europe-wide level. Methods Data from the Study on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe were used, including 22 226 community-dwelling robust and prefrail persons aged ≥50 years, from 11 countries. Frailty was assessed with the ‘Frailty Instrument for Primary care of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe’. Additionally, self-reported physical activity (PA), protein intake and satisfaction with social network were assessed. The impact of these parameters on the development of frailty was calculated using multivariate cox regressions. Results Performing no regular PA, was associated with higher hazards ratio (HRs) for frailty compared with performing regular PA [men: 1.90 (95%CI: 1.50–2.42); women: 1.65 (95%CI: 1.25–2.18)]; HRs for low protein intake were 1.16 (95%CI: 0.93–1.46) for men and 1.05 (95%CI: 0.80–1.37) for women. And HR for poor social network were 0.92 (95%CI: 0.74–1.15) for men and 1.72 (95%CI: 1.31–2.27)] for women. In general, persons with a combination of two of the assessed risk factors had a higher risk for frailty compared with those with no or only one of the risk factors. However, no significant synergy index could be found. Conclusion The results illustrate the importance of PA, but also of nutritional and social network to prevent frailty.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Interventions for Promoting Healthy Aging in Invertebrate Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Dong ◽  
Sujay Guha ◽  
Xiaoping Sun ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
Xiaoxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Aging Intervention ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Invertebrate Models ◽  
Shed Light

Aging is a complex and inevitable biological process that is associated with numerous chronically debilitating health effects. Development of effective interventions for promoting healthy aging is an active but challenging area of research. Mechanistic studies in various model organisms, noticeably two invertebrates,Caenorhabditis elegansandDrosophila melanogaster, have identified many genes and pathways as well as dietary interventions that modulate lifespan and healthspan. These studies have shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in aging processes and provide valuable guidance for developing efficacious aging interventions. Nutraceuticals made from various plants contain a significant amount of phytochemicals with diverse biological activities. Phytochemicals can modulate many signaling pathways that exert numerous health benefits, such as reducing cancer incidence and inflammation, and promoting healthy aging. In this paper, we outline the current progress in aging intervention studies using nutraceuticals from an evolutionary perspective in invertebrate models.

scholarly journals Early-Life Metabolic and Hormonal Markers in Blood and Growth until Age 2 Years: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Infants Fed a Modified Low-Protein Infant Formula

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Stefanie M. P. Kouwenhoven ◽  
Manja Fleddermann ◽  
Martijn J. J. Finken ◽  
Jos W. R. Twisk ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: High protein intake in early life is associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. Dietary protein intake may be a key mechanistic modulator through alterations in endocrine and metabolic responses. Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of different protein intake of infants on blood metabolic and hormonal markers at the age of four months. We further aimed to investigate the association between these markers and anthropometric parameters and body composition until the age of two years. Design: Term infants received a modified low-protein formula (mLP) (1.7 g protein/100 kcal) or a specifically designed control formula (CTRL) (2.1 g protein/100 kcal) until 6 months of age in a double blinded RCT. The outcomes were compared with a breast-fed (BF) group. Glucose, insulin, leptin, IGF-1, IGF-BP1, -BP2, and -BP3 levels were measured at the age of 4 months. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were assessed until the age of 2 years. Groups were compared using linear regression analysis. Results: No significant differences were observed in any of the blood parameters between the formula groups (n = 53 mLP; n = 44 CTRL) despite a significant difference in protein intake. Insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in both formula groups compared to the BF group (n = 36) (p < 0.001). IGF-BP1 was lower in both formula groups compared to the BF group (p < 0.01). We found a lower IGF-BP2 level in the CTRL group compared to the BF group (p < 0.01) and a higher IGF-BP3 level in the mLP group compared to the BF group (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in glucose, leptin, and IGF-1 between the three feeding groups. We found specific associations of all early-life metabolic and hormonal blood parameters with long-term growth and body composition except for IGF-1. Conclusions: Reducing protein intake by 20% did not result in a different metabolic profile in formula-fed infants at 4 months of age. Formula-fed infants had a lower insulin sensitivity compared to breast-fed infants. We found associations between all metabolic and hormonal markers (except for IGF-1) determined at age 4 months and growth and body composition up to two years of age.

scholarly journals Placental HSD2 Expression and Activity Is Unaffected by Maternal Protein Consumption or Gender in C57BL/6 Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Garbrecht ◽  
Fred S. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
The Impact

The placenta acts as a physiological barrier, preventing the transfer of maternal glucocorticoids to the developing fetus. This is accomplished via the oxidation, and subsequent inactivation, of endogenous glucocorticoids by the 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (HSD2). Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy has been shown to result in a decrease in placental HSD2 expression and fetal glucocorticoid overexposure, especially late in gestation, resulting in low birth weight and “fetal programming” of the offspring. This dietary intervention impairs fetal growth and cardiovascular function in adult C57BL/6 offspring, but the impact on placental HSD2 has not been defined. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of a maternal low-protein diet (18% versus 9% protein) on placental HSD2 gene expression and enzyme activity in mice during late gestation. In contrast to previous studies in rats, a maternal low-protein diet did not affect HSD2 protein or enzyme activity levels in the placentas of C57BL/6 mice and this was irrespective of the gender of the offspring. These data suggest that the effects of maternal protein restriction on adult phenotypes in C57BL/6 mice depend upon a mechanism that may be independent of placental HSD2 or possibly occurs earlier in gestation.

Protein-induced modulation of renin secretion is mediated by prostaglandins

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. F688-F694
Author(s):  
S. C. Kapoor ◽  
G. G. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Low Protein

Dietary protein restriction inhibits glomerular prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and lowers plasma renin activity (PRA). To investigate the role of PG in mediating protein-induced alterations in renin secretion, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed isocaloric diets providing either a standard 20% protein or a low-protein (6%) diet for 3 wk. An additional group of rats received a PG synthesis inhibitor, meclofenamate (25 mg/l), in the drinking water along with the 20% protein diet. Both protein restriction and meclofenamate administration significantly (P less than 0.025) lowered glomerular PGE2 production. Compared with standard protein intake, low protein intake lowered basal PRA (3.96 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.58 +/- 0.12 ng.ml-1.h-1, P less than 0.001), stimulated PRA (11.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.7 ng.ml-1.h-1, P less than 0.025), renal venous PRA (10.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.02 +/- 0.72 ng.ml-1.h-1, P less than 0.02), and plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) levels (52 +/- 5 vs. 24 +/- 3 pg/ml, P less than 0.01), while augmenting renal tissue renin content (2.36 +/- 0.21 vs. 3.56 +/- 0.30 micrograms/mg protein, P less than 0.005). Changes in plasma and renal tissue renin on meclofenamate treatment were similar to those observed on 6% protein diet. Both protein restriction and meclofenamate administration increased the glomerular ANG II receptor number, while the receptor affinity was unchanged. Thus protein restriction lowers PRA by impairing release of renin into circulation. This impairment in renin release is mediated by PG.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effect of Protein and Carotene Dietary Levels on Pig gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayner González-Prendes ◽  
Ramona Natacha Pena ◽  
Emma Solé ◽  
Ahmad Reza Seradj ◽  
Joan Estany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Weak Stability ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract In this study we investigated the impact of dietary protein and carotene levels on microbial functions and composition during the last month of purebred fattening Duroc pigs. Fecal microbiota was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing at two points of live, 165 (T1) and 195 (T2) days. From 70 to 165 days of age, 32 pigs were divided into two groups fed either a standard-protein (SP) or a low-protein (LP) diet. In the last month (165–195 days), all pigs received a LP diet, either carotene-enriched (CE) or not (NC). Significant differences were observed between T1 and T2 at Amplicon Sequences Variants (ASVs), phylum and genus levels. In T1 group, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium and Treponema were the genera most influenced by dietary protein, together with predicted functions related with the degradation of protein. In contrast, the CE diet did not impact the microbiome diversity, although 160 ASVs were differentially abundant between CE and NC groups at T2. Weak stability of enterotype clusters across time-points was observed as consequence of medium-term dietary interventions. Our results suggest that during the last month of fattening, dietary protein have a stronger effect than carotenes on the modulation of the compositional and functional structure of the pig microbiota.

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