scholarly journals Cytokines, Graves' Disease, and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Thyroid ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Gianoukakis ◽  
Nicole Khadavi ◽  
Terry J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy

Polymorphisms of IRAK1 Gene on X Chromosome Is Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Korean Children

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Ri Shin ◽  
Won Kyoung Cho ◽  
In-Cheol Baek ◽  
Na Yeong Lee ◽  
Yoon Ji Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy

Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is predominant in females and has been focused on the sexual diploid in immune response. The IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) gene on the X chromosome was recently suggested as strong autoimmune disease-susceptible loci, second to the major histocompatibility complex region. We investigated the frequency of IRAK1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in children with AITD. In this study, we observed that SNPs of IRAK1 including rs3027898, rs1059703, and rs1059702 in 115 Korean AITD pediatric patients (Graves’ disease = 74 [females = 52/males = 22]; Hashimoto disease [HD] = 41 [females = 38/males = 3]; thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy [TAO] = 40 (females = 27/males = 13); without TAO = 75 (females = 63/males = 12); total males = 25, total females = 90; mean age = 11.9 years) and 204 healthy Korean individuals (males = 104/females = 100). The data from cases and controls were analyzed from separate sex-stratified or all combined by χ 2 test for categorical variables and Student t test for numerical variables. Our study revealed that SNPs of IRAK1-associated HD and without TAO but Graves’ disease and TAO were not found significant. When cases and controls were analyzed by separate sex, we found that rs3027898 AA, rs1059703 AA, and rs1059702 GG showed disease susceptibility in female AITD, HD, and without TAO. Also, all rs3027898, rs1059703, and rs1059702 were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.96-0.98, r2 = 0.83–0.97). The haplotype of 3 SNPs was higher in AITD than in controls (CGA, r2 = 5.42, P = 0.019). Our results suggest that IRAK1 polymorphisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of HD, AITD, and without thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy for females.

Application of New Therapies in Graves' Disease and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: Animal Models and Translation to Human Clinical Trials

Thyroid ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paul Banga ◽  
Claus H. Nielsen ◽  
Jacqueline A. Gilbert ◽  
Daniel El Fassi ◽  
Laszlo Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
New Therapies ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy

Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy in Black South Africans with Graves' Disease

Endocrine ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry I. Joffe ◽  
Vanessa R. Panz ◽  
Masayo Yamada ◽  
Jack R. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Graves Disease ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Black South Africans

scholarly journals 40 YEARS OF IGF1: IGF1 receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. T29-T43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Mohyi ◽  
Terry J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Graves Disease ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
Igf1 Receptor ◽  
Orbital Fibroblasts

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a vexing and poorly understood autoimmune process involving the upper face and tissues surrounding the eyes. In TAO, the orbit can become inflamed and undergo substantial remodeling that is disfiguring and can lead to loss of vision. There are currently no approved medical therapies for TAO, the consequence of its uncertain pathogenic nature. It usually presents as a component of the syndrome known as Graves’ disease where loss of immune tolerance to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) results in the generation of activating antibodies against that protein and hyperthyroidism. The role for TSHR and these antibodies in the development of TAO is considerably less well established. We have reported over the past 2 decades evidence that the insulin-like growth factorI receptor (IGF1R) may also participate in the pathogenesis of TAO. Activating antibodies against IGF1R have been detected in patients with GD. The actions of these antibodies initiate signaling in orbital fibroblasts from patients with the disease. Further, we have identified a functional and physical interaction between TSHR and IGF1R. Importantly, it appears that signaling initiated from either receptor can be attenuated by inhibiting the activity of IGF1R. These findings underpin the rationale for therapeutically targeting IGF1R in active TAO. A recently completed therapeutic trial of teprotumumab, a human IGF1R inhibiting antibody, in patients with moderate to severe, active TAO, indicates the potential effectiveness and safety of the drug. It is possible that other autoimmune diseases might also benefit from this treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations of Graves’ disease: A case report and review of the literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swayamsidha Mangaraj ◽  
Arun Kumar Choudhury ◽  
Binoy Kumar Mohanty ◽  
Anoj Kumar Baliarsinha
Keyword(s):  
Similar Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTGraves’ disease (GD) is characterized by a hyperfunctioning thyroid gland due to stimulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor by autoantibodies directed against it. Apart from thyrotoxicosis, other clinical manifestations include ophthalmopathy, dermopathy, and rarely acropachy. GD is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, and hence is associated with various other autoimmune disorders. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one such disease, which is seen with patients of GD and vice versa. Though the association of GD and myasthenia is known, subtle manifestations of latter can be frequently missed in routine clinical practice. The coexistence of GD and ocular MG poses a significant diagnostic dilemma to treating physicians. The ocular manifestations of myasthenia can be easily missed in case of GD and falsely attributed to thyroid associated ophthalmopathy due to closely mimicking presentations of both. Hence, a high degree of the clinical vigil is necessary in such cases to appreciate their presence. We present a similar case which exemplifies the above said that the clinical challenge in diagnosing coexistent GD and ocular myasthenia.

scholarly journals Patient Information in Graves' Disease and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: Readability Assessment of Online Resources

Thyroid ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Edmunds ◽  
Alastair K. Denniston ◽  
Kristien Boelaert ◽  
Jayne A. Franklyn ◽  
Omar M. Durrani
Keyword(s):  
Patient Information ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Readability Assessment
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