scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of the Electrophysiological Phenotype of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: Insights for Driven Maturation and Hypertrophic Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 2678-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Zi Ying Chow ◽  
Lin Geng ◽  
Chi-Wing Kong ◽  
Wendy Keung ◽  
Jacky Chun-Kit Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: Determining the Maturation State of a Population by Quantifying Parameters in Individual Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Y. S. Chan ◽  
Wendy Keung ◽  
Ronald A. Li ◽  
Andrew L. Miller ◽  
Sarah E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Ventricular Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Maturation State

Quantitative methods were established to determine the level of maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hESC-vCMs) that were treated with different metabolic stimulants (i.e., isoproterenol and oleic acid) during early differentiation. Cells were double-immunolabeled withα-actinin and COX IV antibodies, to label the myofibrils and mitochondria, respectively, after which images were acquired via confocal microscopy. In order to determine the extent of differentiation, image analysis protocols were then used to quantify cell shape and area, as well as the degree of myofibrillar organization and intercalation of mitochondria between the myofibrils within the cells. We demonstrated that oleic acid or isoproterenol alone, or a combination of the two, induced a more elongated hESC-vCM phenotype than the untreated controls. In addition, cells treated with isoproterenol alone exhibited a similar level of myofibrillar organization as the controls, but those treated with oleic acid with/without isoproterenol exhibited a more organized (parallel) orientation of myofibrils. The combined isoproterenol/oleic acid treatment also resulted in enhanced intercalation of mitochondria between the myofibrils. We suggest that these quantitative morphometric methods might serve as simple and effective tools that can be utilized in the determination of the level of structural maturation of hESC-vCMs.

scholarly journals PAUPAR and PAX6 sequentially regulate human embryonic stem cell cortical differentiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxin Xu ◽  
Jiajie Xi ◽  
Guiying Wang ◽  
Zhenming Guo ◽  
Qiaoyi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Genes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a wide range of roles in the epigenetic regulation of crucial biological processes, but the functions of lncRNAs in cortical development are poorly understood. Using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based 2D neural differentiation approach and 3D cerebral organoid system, we identified that the lncRNA PAUPAR, which is adjacent to PAX6, plays essential roles in cortical differentiation by interacting with PAX6 to regulate the expression of a large number of neural genes. Mechanistic studies showed that PAUPAR confers PAX6 proper binding sites on the target neural genes by directly binding the genomic regions of these genes. Moreover, PAX6 recruits the histone methyltransferase NSD1 through its C-terminal PST enrichment domain, then regulate H3K36 methylation and the expression of target genes. Collectively, our data reveal that the PAUPAR/PAX6/NSD1 complex plays a critical role in the epigenetic regulation of hESC cortical differentiation and highlight the importance of PAUPAR as an intrinsic regulator of cortical differentiation.

IGF1-mediated human embryonic stem cell self-renewal recapitulates the embryonic niche

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wamaitha SE ◽  
Grybel KJ ◽  
Alanis-Lobato G ◽  
Gerri C ◽  
Ogushi S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Self Renewal
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