Translating Scientific Knowledge to Government Decision Makers Has Crucial Importance in the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Gombos ◽  
Róbert Herczeg ◽  
Bálint Erőss ◽  
Sándor Zsolt Kovács ◽  
Annamária Uzzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Government Decision

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS COSTS IN SERBIA BY USING DOMINANT COSTS MODEL

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Antić ◽  
Milan Vujanić ◽  
Krsto Lipovac ◽  
Dalibor Pešić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Official Data

This paper presents estimation of the traffic accident costs in Serbia, based on original dominant costs model. Dominant costs model uses human capital approach and this model is developed for simple and quick calculation of the traffic accidents costs, because other simple methods as 1 million rules, are not suitable for estimation of the traffic accident costs in the countries with a low GDP per capita. Knowing the costs of traffic accidents is of crucial importance for establishing traffic safety to the level defined by the size of costs made as a consequence of unsafely. So, politicians, decision makers and stakeholders in the field of traffic safety often need quick estimation of the traffic accident costs and economic effects of the particular measures which are applied for decreasing the number and severity of traffic accidents. The estimation of the level of the traffic accidents costs in Serbia, based on the official data (from the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia) about traffic accidents in Serbia for 2008 is shown in this paper and the comparison between predicted and calculated value of the traffic accident costs for 2009 is also presented.

scholarly journals Investigating factors influencing local government decision makers while adopting integration technologies (IntTech)

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Ali Ziaee Bigdeli ◽  
Marinos Themistocleous ◽  
Vincenzo Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Government Decision

scholarly journals Labor and the Political Leadership of New Deal America

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Labor Militancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governmental Response ◽  
Work Relief

SummaryThis essay examines the relationship between popular initiatives and government decision-makers during the 1930s. The economic crisis and the reawakening of labor militancy before 1935 elevated men and women, who had been formed by the workers' movement of the 1910s and 1920s, to prominent roles in the making of national industrial policies. Quite different was the reshaping of social insurance and work relief measures. Although those policies represented a governmental response to the distress and protests of the working class, the workers themselves had little influence on their formulation or administration. Through industrial struggles, the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) mobilized a new cadre, trained by youthful encounters with urban ethnic life, expanding secondary schooling and subordination to modern corporate management, in an unsuccessful quest for economic planning and universal social insurance through the agency of a reformed Democratic Party.

scholarly journals Time Reliability of the Maritime Transportation Network for China’s Crude Oil Imports

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Liping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Transportation Time ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Network Transportation ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Node Capacity

To evaluate the transportation time reliability of the maritime transportation network for China’s crude oil imports under node capacity variations resulting from extreme events, a framework incorporating bi-level programming and a Monte Carlo simulation is proposed in this paper. Under this framework, the imported crude oil volume from each source country is considered to be a decision variable, and may change in correspondence to node capacity variations. The evaluation results illustrate that when strait or canal nodes were subject to capacity variations, the network transportation time reliability was relatively low. Conversely, the transportation time reliability was relatively high when port nodes were under capacity variations. In addition, the Taiwan Strait, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Malacca were identified as vulnerable nodes according to the transportation time reliability results. These results can assist government decision-makers and tanker company strategic planners to better plan crude oil import and transportation strategies.

Knowing the Adversary

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Yarhi-Milo
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Cognitive And Affective Factors ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

States are more likely to engage in risky and destabilizing actions such as military build-ups and preemptive strikes if they believe their adversaries pose a tangible threat. Yet despite the crucial importance of this issue, we don’t know enough about how states and their leaders draw inferences about their adversaries’ long-term intentions. This book draws on a wealth of historical archival evidence to shed new light on how world leaders and intelligence organizations actually make these intentions assessments. The book examines three cases: Britain’s assessments of Nazi Germany’s intentions in the 1930s, America’s assessments of the Soviet Union’s intentions during the Carter administration, and the Reagan administration’s assessments of Soviet intentions near the end of the Cold War. The book advances a new theoretical framework—called selective attention—that emphasizes organizational dynamics, personal diplomatic interactions, and cognitive and affective factors. It finds that decision makers don’t pay as much attention to those aspects of state behavior that major theories of international politics claim they do. Instead, they tend to determine the intentions of adversaries on the basis of preexisting beliefs, theories, and personal impressions. The book also shows how intelligence organizations rely on very different indicators than decision makers, focusing more on changes in the military capabilities of adversaries. The book provides a clearer picture of the historical validity of existing theories, and broadens our understanding of the important role that diplomacy plays in international security.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL PREDICTIONS FOR COVID-19 AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Alexander Okhuese
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Disease Free

ABSTRACTThis study shows that the disease free equilibrium (E0) for COVID-19 coronavirus does not satisfy the criteria for a locally or globally asymptotic stability. This implies that as a pandemic as declared by WHO (2020) the COVID-19 coronavirus does not have a curative vaccine yet and precautionary measures are advised through quarantine and observatory procedures. Also, the Basic Reproductive number (R0 < 1) by Equation (33) shows that there is a chance of decline of secondary infections when the ratio between the incidence rate in the population and the total number of infected population quarantined with observatory procedure.The effort to evaluate the disease equilibrium shows that unless there is a dedicated effort from government, decision makers and stakeholders, the world would hardly be reed of the COVID-19 coronavirus and further spread is eminent and the rate of infection will continue to increase despite the increased rate of recovery because of the absence of vaccine at the moment.

An Approach to Information Management as a Subsidy of Global Health Actions

2022 ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Carla Silveira ◽  
Marcos Emiliano Lima Alves Hir ◽  
Henrique Koch Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Collaborative Network ◽  
Globalized World

In the information age, it is urgent to work in a collaborative network, as well as the identification of researchers in specific areas in the globalized world. In this time, half of the world's population does not have access to essential health services, and more than one billion are threatened by neglected diseases. Information management helps in the identifying, extracting, and treating. In Brazil, the Lattes platform is the main curriculum repository for scientists and professionals in the different areas of scientific knowledge. After processing, 105 specialists were identified. Scientific articles published on Dengue, Zika virus, and Chikungunya are 11,743. The computational tool ScriptLattes proved to be efficient to extract, identify, and recover data from the curricula present in the Lattes database, contributing to the management of scientific knowledge in public health. Thus, Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya infection data extracted from the platform generate information to assist in the knowledge management and decision makers for public health.

scholarly journals COMEST: Ethical Advice across Scientific and Geographic Borders

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Leiv K. Sydnes
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Advisory Body ◽  
United Nations Educational ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Economic Considerations

Abstract COMEST, an acronym for the French name of the World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology [1], is an advisory body within United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and a forum of reflection, “mandated to formulate ethical principles that could provide decision-makers with criteria that extend beyond purely economic considerations.” [2] Over the years, the Commission has addressed ethical issues in many areas where science and technology have an impact on people, nature, and society. The deliberations result in reports, which are put forward to the biannual General Conference of UNESCO for discussion and adoption. The outcome has often been ethical recommendations and guidelines to consider and hopefully abide to so that science can interact with society in a responsible way and without adverse consequences.

scholarly journals Civility in Online Discussion: The Case of the Foreign Policy Dialogue

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Civil Discourse

Abstract: This paper focuses on Web-based discussion in an online policy consultation and examines specific discourse features to evaluate how the concept of civility served to shape public discourse in a moderated, rule-based forum. The study results reveal that citizen participants in the case study under consideration developed, maintained, and enforced norms of civil discourse, and that these norms helped to promote understanding and consensus-building. The study also cautions that civil dialogue alone cannot ensure effective communication between governments and citizens. Civil dialogue can be used to marginalize some participants, and it does not necessarily allow dialogue participants to effectively transmit their opinions to government decision-makers. Resumé : Cet article porte sur une discussion Web effectuée dans le contexte d’une évaluation de politiques en ligne. Il examine certains aspects de cette discussion afin d’évaluer comment le concept de courtoisie a influencé le discours public lors d’un forum dirigé. Les résultats de cette recherche révèlent que les citoyens participant à cette étude de cas ont élaboré, maintenu et renforcé des normes de discours civique, et que ces normes ont promu une bonne entente et l’obtention d’un consensus. L’étude démontre cependant que le dialogue civique seul ne peut pas assurer une communication efficace entre les citoyens et leurs gouvernements. Ainsi, on peut utiliser un dialogue civique pour marginaliser certains participants. D’autre part, un tel dialogue ne permet pas forcément aux participants de communiquer leurs avis aux décideurs gouvernementaux.

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