scholarly journals Primary Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Newly Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Diagnosed Individuals Testing Anonymously and Confidentially

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Markovitz ◽  
Christina S. Thibault ◽  
Peter W. Brandauer ◽  
Susan E. Buskin
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Genotyping and antiretroviral drug resistance of human immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (49) ◽  
pp. e23274
Author(s):  
Eitezaz A. Zaki ◽  
Mai M. El-Daly ◽  
Ahmed Abdulhaq ◽  
Tagreed L. Al-Subhi ◽  
Ahmed M. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

scholarly journals Virologic Failure and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Rural Cameroon With Regard to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 Treatment Targets

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Boullé ◽  
Emilande Guichet ◽  
Charles Kouanfack ◽  
Avelin Aghokeng ◽  
Benjamin Onambany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rural Cameroon

Abstract Background In rural Africa, data on virologic effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment (ART) are not sufficient to assess the gap with the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets. We investigated the prevalences of unsuppressed viral load and antiretroviral drug resistance and the profile of genotypic resistance mutations among patients routinely treated in rural Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 2013–2014 among patients ≥15 years and on first-line ART for ≥6 months in a district hospital. Patients were offered free access to human immunodeficiency virus viral load testing. Genotypic drug resistance testing was done when the viral load was >1000 copies/mL. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of unsuppressed viral load or antiretroviral drug resistance with sociodemographic and medical characteristics. Results Of 407 patients (women 74.9%, median age 41.8 years, median time on ART 29.2 months), 96 (23.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.5–28.0) had unsuppressed viral load and 74 (18.2%; 95% CI, 14.6–22.3) had antiretroviral drug resistance. The prevalences of unsuppressed viral load and resistance increased with time on ART, from 12.0% and 8.0% in the 6- to 12-month group to 31.3% and 27.1% in the >72-month group, respectively. All 74 patients with antiretroviral drug resistance were resistant to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and 57 of them were also resistant to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. Conclusions Our estimations were among the highest observed in the west and central African region. The proportion of patients with virologic failure should be divided at least by 2 to reach the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets.

scholarly journals Eight-day Inpatient Directly Observed Therapy for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Failure: A Tool For Preventing Unnecessary ART Changes and Optimizing Adherence Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E Winchester ◽  
Frank Maldarelli ◽  
Yolanda Mejia ◽  
Nicola Dee ◽  
Robin Dewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Eight-day inpatient directly observed therapy confirmed nonadherence as the major cause of virologic failure for 9 (45%) of 20 highly treatment-experienced persons with human immunodeficiency virus, extensive antiretroviral drug resistance, and high self-reported adherence rates, preventing unnecessary regimen changes.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3611-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel L. Ntemgwa ◽  
Thomas d'Aquin Toni ◽  
Bluma G. Brenner ◽  
Ricardo J. Camacho ◽  
Mark A. Wainberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Among Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Act as Sources or Potential Sources in Occupational Accidents Involving Healthcare Workers

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane El-Far ◽  
Eduardo Alexandrino Servolo Medeiros ◽  
Carlos Teodoro Gasparoto ◽  
Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractObjective:To determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance profiles of patients presenting a risk or potential risk for occupational exposure of healthcare workers.Design:Observational survey involving HIV-infected patients. Blood samples collected from source-patients and potential source-patients underwent HIV-1 genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing and determination of CD4 counts and viral load. Affected healthcare workers were monitored for 6 months after exposure.Setting:The survey was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital located in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sao Paulo is considered the epicenter of the HIV-acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) virus epidemic in Brazil.Participants:Source-patients, potential source-patients, and affected healthcare workers.Results:A total of 371 occupational exposures to biological materials were reported, 46 (12.3%) of which were from HIV-seropositive source-patients. Samples from 18 source-patients and 26 patients considered “potential sources for accidents” were analyzed. Of these 44 samples, 18 (41%) presented resistance-related mutations in reverse transcriptase, protease, or both. Of these 18 samples, 16 (89%) had resistance to drugs included in the prophylactic schedule recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.Conclusions:Use of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Brazilian post-exposure prophylaxis regimen will result in the administration of antiretroviral agents to which the source HIV-1 isolate will often be resistant. Therefore, it would be advisable to carefully investigate the history of use of antiretroviral agents by source-patients and adjust the prophylactic therapy based on those data and, subsequently, the results of resistance testing.

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